PMID- 19884690
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100525
LR  - 20100610
IS  - 0975-5764 (Electronic)
IS  - 0975-5764 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 3
DP  - 2009 Jul-Sep
TI  - A clinical and epidemiologic update on the interaction between tuberculosis and 
      human immunodeficiency virus infection in adults.
PG  - 147-55
LID - 10.4103/1596-3519.57236 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in 
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Africa. The interaction between 
      TB and HIV infections is reviewed. METHODS: Literature on TB, HIV and their 
      co-infection, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, is reviewed. 
      RESULTS: Burden of TB is fueled by the HIV epidemic, and clinical presentation of 
      TB may be atypical with co-infection. Recommendations on drugs and timing of 
      antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation are discussed. Use of cotrimoxazole 
      prophylaxis (CPT) in co-infected patients reduces morbidity and mortality, while 
      the principles of TB prevention in HIV infection can be summarized with the three 
      I's: intensive TB case finding and surveillance, isoniazid preventive therapy 
      (IPT) and infection-control measures; to these can be added a fourth 'I,' viz., 
      instituting ART. Clinical complications like drug resistance, toxicity and drug 
      interactions; and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) with CPT, 
      IPT and ART are highlighted. Emergence of drug-resistant- and nosocomial- TB in 
      HIV infection poses serious challenges and potential consequences in Africa, and 
      appropriate measures are recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Many barriers exist for 
      optimizing the care of the two diseases, but the aim should be strengthening 
      capacities, collaborations, linkages and eventually integrating the services. 
      Interventions for TB prevention in HIV infection should be widely implemented.
FAU - Habib, Abdulrazaq G
AU  - Habib AG
AD  - Department of Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, PMB 
      3452, Kan, Nigeria. abdulrazaq_habib@yahoo.co.uk
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - India
TA  - Ann Afr Med
JT  - Annals of African medicine
JID - 101231417
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & 
      control
MH  - Adult
MH  - Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Tuberculosis/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control
RF  - 49
EDAT- 2009/11/04 06:00
MHDA- 2010/05/26 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/04 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/05/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - AnnAfrMed_2009_8_3_147_57236 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/1596-3519.57236 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Afr Med. 2009 Jul-Sep;8(3):147-55. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.57236.