PMID- 19891125
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20091216
LR  - 20191111
IS  - 1558-7673 (Print)
IS  - 1558-7673 (Linking)
VI  - 6 Suppl 1
DP  - 2008 Dec
TI  - What role do combinations of interferon and targeted agents play in the 
      first-line therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
PG  - S14-21
AB  - Interferons (IFNs) are a class of cytokines with pleotropic actions that regulate 
      a variety of cellular activities. Clinical trials with recombinant IFNs 
      (IFN-alpha2a and IFN-alpha2b) have demonstrated clinical activity in patients 
      with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Their efficacy is characterized by a 
      low overall tumor regression rate of < 15%, progression-free survival of 4-5 
      months, and overall median survival of 10-18 months. This cytokine became the 
      standard of care for patients with metastatic RCC and was then used as the 
      comparator arm in a series of phase II and III clinical trials that have defined 
      a new treatment paradigm for patients with advanced RCC. This paradigm uses the 
      tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib and sunitinib, the mammalian target 
      of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus, and the vascular endothelial growth 
      factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. These 3 categories of agents were then 
      investigated in combination with IFN-alpha in a series of preclinical and 
      clinical studies. The collective data from these reports suggest the combination 
      of IFN-alpha and bevacizumab is active and has a role in RCC therapy, whereas 
      combinations with the TKIs or mTOR inhibitors have limited efficacy and/or 
      excessive toxicity. The clinical and preclinical studies leading to these 
      conclusions are reviewed herein.
FAU - Bukowski, Ronald M
AU  - Bukowski RM
AD  - Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, CCF Lerner College of Medicine of Case 
      Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA. bukow464@sbcglobal.net
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Genitourin Cancer
JT  - Clinical genitourinary cancer
JID - 101260955
RN  - 9008-11-1 (Interferons)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use
MH  - Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Drug Delivery Systems/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferons/administration & dosage
MH  - Kidney Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology
RF  - 61
EDAT- 2009/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2009/12/17 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/07 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1558-7673(11)70077-5 [pii]
AID - 10.3816/cgc.2008.s.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2008 Dec;6 Suppl 1:S14-21. doi: 10.3816/cgc.2008.s.003.