PMID- 19893330
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100129
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1423-0224 (Electronic)
IS  - 0302-282X (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2009
TI  - MDMA self-administration in laboratory animals: a summary of the literature and 
      proposal for future research.
PG  - 130-6
LID - 10.1159/000253549 [doi]
AB  - The prevalence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use has increased 
      globally and the pattern of consumption has changed considerably. Previously, a 
      subculture of MDMA users was fairly restricted to the dance club scene. More 
      recently, use has spread outside of this subculture and now many users consume 
      MDMA frequently and in large amounts and some meet criteria for drug abuse and/or 
      dependence. Because of confounds associated with studying drug users and abusers, 
      animal models have been employed to investigate potential consequences of 
      drug-taking. Among these, self-administration by laboratory animals has been 
      shown to have excellent predictive validity. There have, however, been mixed 
      results with respect to the ability of MDMA to support and maintain 
      self-administration by laboratory animals. This paper reviews the literature on 
      MDMA self-administration in laboratory primates and rodents. Most of the studies 
      in laboratory animals suggest that only low levels of MDMA are self-administered 
      on a daily basis but some have indicated high levels of self-administered MDMA in 
      certain subjects. Differences might be dependent upon the number of test 
      sessions, prior training conditions or other paradigmatic variables. In most 
      cases, MDMA was found to be a lower efficacy reinforcer than other drugs of 
      abuse. It is suggested that the MDMA self-administration develops following a 
      decrease in MDMA-produced serotonin release that occurs with repeated exposure 
      over an extended period of testing. It is hypothesized that the deficit in 
      central serotonin increases the relative MDMA-produced dopamine responses and 
      that this increase in the dopamine response underlies the development and 
      maintenance of MDMA self-administration.
CI  - Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Schenk, Susan
AU  - Schenk S
AD  - Victoria University of Wellington, School of Psychology, Wellington, New Zealand. 
      Susan.Schenk@vuw.ac.nz
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20091105
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Neuropsychobiology
JT  - Neuropsychobiology
JID - 7512895
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Hallucinogens/*administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Self Administration
RF  - 81
EDAT- 2009/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2010/01/30 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/07 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - 000253549 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000253549 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropsychobiology. 2009;60(3-4):130-6. doi: 10.1159/000253549. Epub 2009 Nov 5.