PMID- 19893334
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100129
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1423-0224 (Electronic)
IS  - 0302-282X (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2009
TI  - The epidemiology of ecstasy use and harms in Australia.
PG  - 176-87
LID - 10.1159/000253553 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: This paper examines the epidemiology of ecstasy use and harm in Australia 
      using multiple data sources. DESIGN: The data included (1) Australian Customs 
      Service 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) detections; (2) the National 
      Drug Strategy Household and Australian Secondary Student Alcohol and Drug 
      Surveys; (3) data from Australia's ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System; 
      (4) the number of recorded police incidents for ecstasy possession and 
      distribution collated by the N.S.W. Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research; (5) 
      the number of calls to the Alcohol and Drug Information Service and Family Drug 
      Support relating to ecstasy; (6) the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services 
      National Minimum Dataset on number of treatment episodes for ecstasy, and (7) 
      N.S.W. Division of Analytical Laboratories toxicology data on number of deaths 
      where MDMA was detected. FINDINGS: Recent ecstasy use among adults in the general 
      population has increased, whereas among secondary students it has remained low 
      and stable. The patterns of ecstasy consumption among regular ecstasy users have 
      changed over time. Polydrug use and use for extended periods of time (>48 h) 
      remain common among this group. Frequent ecstasy use is associated with a range 
      of risk behaviours and other problems, which tend to be attributed to a number of 
      drugs along with ecstasy. Few ecstasy users present for treatment for problems 
      related to their ecstasy consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Messages and interventions to 
      reduce the risks associated with polydrug use and patterns of extended periods of 
      use are clearly warranted. These messages should be delivered outside of 
      traditional health care settings, as few of these users are engaged with such 
      services.
CI  - Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Degenhardt, Louisa
AU  - Degenhardt L
AD  - National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 
      N.S.W. 2052, Australia. L.Degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
FAU - Roxburgh, Amanda
AU  - Roxburgh A
FAU - Dunn, Matthew
AU  - Dunn M
FAU - Campbell, Gabrielle
AU  - Campbell G
FAU - Bruno, Raimondo
AU  - Bruno R
FAU - Kinner, Stuart A
AU  - Kinner SA
FAU - George, Jessica
AU  - George J
FAU - Quinn, Brendan
AU  - Quinn B
FAU - White, Nancy
AU  - White N
FAU - Topp, Libby
AU  - Topp L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20091105
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Neuropsychobiology
JT  - Neuropsychobiology
JID - 7512895
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Australia/epidemiology
MH  - Crime
MH  - Female
MH  - *Hallucinogens/administration & dosage/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/analysis
MH  - Male
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage/analysis
MH  - Risk-Taking
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2009/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2010/01/30 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/07 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - 000253553 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000253553 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropsychobiology. 2009;60(3-4):176-87. doi: 10.1159/000253553. Epub 2009 Nov 5.