PMID- 19897081
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100108
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 2162-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0074-7742 (Print)
IS  - 0074-7742 (Linking)
VI  - 88
DP  - 2009
TI  - Neural and cardiac toxicities associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA).
PG  - 257-96
LID - 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88010-0 [doi]
AB  - (+/-)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a commonly abused illicit drug 
      which affects multiple organ systems. In animals, high-dose administration of 
      MDMA produces deficits in serotonin (5-HT) neurons (e.g., depletion of forebrain 
      5-HT) that have been viewed as neurotoxicity. Recent data implicate MDMA in the 
      development of valvular heart disease (VHD). The present paper reviews several 
      issues related to MDMA-associated neural and cardiac toxicities. The hypothesis 
      of MDMA neurotoxicity in rats is evaluated in terms of the effects of MDMA on 
      monoamine neurons, the use of scaling methods to extrapolate MDMA doses across 
      species, and functional consequences of MDMA exposure. A potential treatment 
      regimen (l-5-hydroxytryptophan plus carbidopa) for MDMA-associated neural 
      deficits is discussed. The pathogenesis of MDMA-associated VHD is reviewed with 
      specific reference to the role of valvular 5-HT(2B) receptors. We conclude that 
      pharmacological effects of MDMA occur at the same doses in rats and humans. High 
      doses of MDMA that produce 5-HT depletions in rats are associated with tolerance 
      and impaired 5-HT release. Doses of MDMA that fail to deplete 5-HT in rats can 
      cause persistent behavioral dysfunction, suggesting even moderate doses may pose 
      risks. Finally, the MDMA metabolite, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), is a 
      potent 5-HT(2B) agonist which could contribute to the increased risk of VHD 
      observed in heavy MDMA users.
FAU - Baumann, Michael H
AU  - Baumann MH
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National 
      Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, 
      Maryland 21224, USA.
FAU - Rothman, Richard B
AU  - Rothman RB
LA  - eng
GR  - ZIA DA000562-01/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Int Rev Neurobiol
JT  - International review of neurobiology
JID - 0374740
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Agents)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*drug effects
MH  - Heart/*drug effects
MH  - Heart Valve Diseases/chemically induced
MH  - Humans
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*toxicity
MH  - Neurons/drug effects
MH  - Neurotoxicity Syndromes/physiopathology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Serotonin Agents/*toxicity
PMC - PMC3153986
MID - NIHMS313511
EDAT- 2009/11/10 06:00
MHDA- 2010/01/09 06:00
PMCR- 2011/08/10
CRDT- 2009/11/10 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/08/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0074-7742(09)88010-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88010-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;88:257-96. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88010-0.