PMID- 19915226
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100315
LR  - 20091116
IS  - 1872-9061 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-2977 (Linking)
VI  - 67
IP  - 10
DP  - 2009 Nov
TI  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: immunopathogenesis, risk factors, 
      diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
PG  - 327-31
AB  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in a subpopulation of 
      HIV-infected patients after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The 
      purpose of this review is to describe the immunopathogenesis, risk factors, 
      diagnostic problems, treatment and prevention of IRIS. A literature search was 
      performed and finally 15 recent articles were selected. The immunopathogenesis of 
      IRIS is characterised by a dysbalanced restoration of the immune system resulting 
      in pathological inflammation. Risk factors are low baseline CD4-cell count, an 
      excellent virological response, an increased antigenic burden of an opportunistic 
      infection and early initiation of ART after an opportunistic infection. The 
      differential diagnosis of IRIS is elaborate. Treatment options include 
      discontinuation of ART , corticosteroids or pathogen-specific therapy. Diagnosis 
      can be difficult, because IRIS may manifest with a diverse range of clinical 
      presentations. Adopting one case definition and performing more research 
      regarding diagnosis and treatment of IRIS are important recommendations for 
      future studies.
FAU - Beishuizen, S J E
AU  - Beishuizen SJ
AD  - Centre for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre (F4-217) 
      Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
FAU - Geerlings, S E
AU  - Geerlings SE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Neth J Med
JT  - The Netherlands journal of medicine
JID - 0356133
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory 
      Syndrome/diagnosis/*etiology/immunology/therapy
MH  - Risk Factors
RF  - 16
EDAT- 2009/11/17 06:00
MHDA- 2010/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/17 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/03/17 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neth J Med. 2009 Nov;67(10):327-31.