PMID- 19916503
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100325
LR  - 20100120
IS  - 1520-5118 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-8561 (Linking)
VI  - 58
IP  - 2
DP  - 2010 Jan 27
TI  - Immunostimulatory bioactivity of algal polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa 
      activates macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4.
PG  - 927-36
LID - 10.1021/jf902952z [doi]
AB  - Much research suggests that a dietary supplement of Chlorella pyrenoidosa may be 
      helpful to human health, but the molecular mechanism involved remains unclear. 
      The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of certain 
      hot-water-soluble polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CWSP) on cytokine 
      production, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, and costimulatory molecule 
      expression in macrophages. We demonstrated that CWSP induced IL-1beta secretion 
      in macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediated protein kinase signaling 
      pathways. In addition, CWSP also stimulated the cell surface expression of 
      HLA-DA, -DB, and -DC, and HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ as well as the expression of 
      costimulatory family molecules such as CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. Furthermore, 
      we demonstrated that preinjection of C57BL/6J mice with CWSP increased 
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta 
      secretion into serum in vivo. This outcome was consistent with the corresponding 
      outcome for cells treated with CWSP in vitro. Our current results provide support 
      for the possible use of CWSP as a modulation agent of immune responses in humans 
      and certain animal species. Finally, in using GC-MS to analyze the 
      polysaccharides, we found that the major monosaccharides of CWSP were rhamnose 
      (31.8%), glucose (20.42%), galactose (10.28%), mannose (5.23%), and xylose 
      (1.27%). This study is the first to report the molecular mechanism of 
      immune-modulated signal transduction in vitro from the polysaccharides of 
      Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
FAU - Hsu, Hsien-Yeh
AU  - Hsu HY
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National 
      Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. hyhsu@ym.edu.tw
FAU - Jeyashoke, Narumon
AU  - Jeyashoke N
FAU - Yeh, Chin-Hsi
AU  - Yeh CH
FAU - Song, Yuan-Jaw
AU  - Song YJ
FAU - Hua, Kuo-Feng
AU  - Hua KF
FAU - Chao, Louis Kuoping
AU  - Chao LK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Agric Food Chem
JT  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
JID - 0374755
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 4)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chlorella/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/genetics/immunology
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry/*immunology
MH  - *Macrophage Activation
MH  - Macrophages/*immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics/*immunology
EDAT- 2009/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2010/03/26 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/18 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/03/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/jf902952z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jan 27;58(2):927-36. doi: 10.1021/jf902952z.