PMID- 19917188
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100202
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1239-9736 (Print)
IS  - 1239-9736 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 4
DP  - 2009 Sep
TI  - Organic nutrients and contaminants in subsistence species of Alaska: 
      concentrations and relationship to food preparation method.
PG  - 354-71
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To determine nutrient and contaminant concentrations, document 
      concentration changes related to common preparation methods and provide a basic 
      risk-benefit analysis for select subsistence foods consumed by residents of 
      Kotzebue, Alaska. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven organic nutrients and 156 persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs) were measured in foods derived from spotted seals and 
      sheefish. METHODS: Nutrients in foodstuffs were compared to Daily Recommended 
      Intake criteria. POPs were compared to Tolerable Daily Intake Limits (TDIL). 
      RESULTS: Cooking, as well as absence/presence of skin during sheefish processing, 
      altered nutrient and contaminant concentrations in seals and fish. Sheefish 
      muscle and seal blubber were particularly rich in omega-3 fatty acids and seal 
      liver in vitamin A. Seal liver exceeded the recommended upper limit for vitamin 
      A. POP contribution to TDIL was >25% in all tissues except blubber, in which 4 
      POPS were present at >25% TDIL. No POPs exceeded TDIL in a serving of any tissue 
      studied. The most prominent concerns identified were levels of vitamin A in 
      spotted seal liver and certain POPs in blubber, warranting consideration when 
      determining how much and how often these foods should be consumed. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Preparation methods altering tissues from their raw state significantly affect 
      nutrient and contaminant concentrations, thus direct evaluation of actual food 
      items is highly recommended to determine risk-benefits ratios of traditional 
      diets. Traditional foods provide essential nutrients with very limited risk from 
      contaminants. We encourage the consumption of traditional foods and urge public 
      health agencies to develop applicable models to assess overall food safety and 
      quality.
FAU - Moses, Sara K
AU  - Moses SK
AD  - Department of Biology and Wildlife and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of 
      Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA. skmoses@alaska.edu
FAU - Whiting, Alex V
AU  - Whiting AV
FAU - Muir, Derek C G
AU  - Muir DC
FAU - Wang, Xiaowa
AU  - Wang X
FAU - O'Hara, Todd M
AU  - O'Hara TM
LA  - eng
GR  - 5P20RR016430/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR016430-07/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR016430/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR016466/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 5P20RR016466/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Circumpolar Health
JT  - International journal of circumpolar health
JID - 9713056
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Halogenated)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alaska
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diet/ethnology
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Fish Products/*analysis
MH  - Fishes
MH  - Food Preservation
MH  - Food, Preserved/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/*analysis
MH  - *Inuit
MH  - Phoca
PMC - PMC2782891
MID - NIHMS149830
EDAT- 2009/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2010/02/03 06:00
PMCR- 2009/11/25
CRDT- 2009/11/18 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/02/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 802 [pii]
AID - 10.3402/ijch.v68i4.17368 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Circumpolar Health. 2009 Sep;68(4):354-71. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v68i4.17368.