PMID- 19935490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100201
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 0353-5053 (Print)
IS  - 0353-5053 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 4
DP  - 2009 Dec
TI  - Social anxiety disorder: epidemiology, biology and treatment.
PG  - 533-42
AB  - Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is considered to be one of the most common anxiety 
      disorders. Despite its high prevalence, the disorder is still considerably 
      underdiagnosed and undertreated. SAD shows a typically early onset in childhood 
      or early adolescence and generally becomes chronic. The disease places a massive 
      burden on patients lives, affecting not only their social interactions but also 
      their educational and professional activities, thereby constituting a severe 
      disability. Although substantial progress in the study of the etiology of SAD has 
      been made, no commonly accepted model has emerged yet. Data from genetic and 
      neuroimaging studies point towards a contribution of several neurotransmitter 
      systems (i.e. norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin) to the pathophysiology of 
      this disorder. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have repeatedly 
      emphasized the central role of the amygdalae and insula in the neural circuitry 
      of the disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are commonly 
      accepted as first line therapy, however other substance classes like serotonin 
      norepineprine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), 
      benzodiazepines and several other agents have also proved effective. There is 
      still a substantial lack of data on therapeutic options in cases of 
      non-responsive SAD as well as on add-on therapy. A combined treatment-approach 
      including psychotherapy (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy) may prove useful.
FAU - Fink, Martin
AU  - Fink M
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, 
      Austria.
FAU - Akimova, Elena
AU  - Akimova E
FAU - Spindelegger, Christoph
AU  - Spindelegger C
FAU - Hahn, Andreas
AU  - Hahn A
FAU - Lanzenberger, Rupert
AU  - Lanzenberger R
FAU - Kasper, Siegfried
AU  - Kasper S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Croatia
TA  - Psychiatr Danub
JT  - Psychiatria Danubina
JID - 9424753
RN  - 0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amygdala/physiopathology
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology
MH  - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
MH  - Phobic Disorders/*epidemiology/physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Positron-Emission Tomography
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs
RF  - 82
EDAT- 2009/11/26 06:00
MHDA- 2010/02/02 06:00
CRDT- 2009/11/26 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/11/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/02/02 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychiatr Danub. 2009 Dec;21(4):533-42.