PMID- 19943666
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100205
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 23
DP  - 2009 Dec 1
TI  - Geomembranes containing powdered activated carbon have the potential to improve 
      containment of chlorinated aromatic contaminants.
PG  - 8916-22
LID - 10.1021/es9014162 [doi]
AB  - Breakthrough across high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was measured for 
      2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl and a higher-solubility surrogate, 
      1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Addition of powdered activated carbon (0.14 g 
      carbon/cm(3) membrane) reduced pseudo-steady-state flux through thin HDPE 
      membranes by approximately 60%. Breakthrough curves for activated 
      carbon-containing membranes were best described by a model in which sorption to 
      the carbon was limited by the rate of diffusion from the bulk membrane to the 
      carbon particle surfaces. Field-scale estimates based on this model show a 
      substantial (over 10 orders of magnitude) reduction in flux for the activated 
      carbon-containing HDPE compared with pure HDPE. The flux of 
      2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl through a composite membrane with thin layers of 
      poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with 0.05 g carbon/cm(3) and pure HDPE was 69% lower 
      than expected for a similar layered membrane without the sorptive scavenger. This 
      flux reduction was achieved with less than a third of the carbon used in the HDPE 
      case, an improvement that is likely the result of better solute uptake in the 
      hydrophilic PVA layer.
FAU - Surdo, Erin M
AU  - Surdo EM
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 
      55455, USA.
FAU - Cussler, Edward L
AU  - Cussler EL
FAU - Novak, Paige J
AU  - Novak PJ
FAU - Arnold, William A
AU  - Arnold WA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Aromatic)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Halogenated)
RN  - 0 (Membranes, Artificial)
RN  - 0 (Powders)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 1364PS73AF (Acetone)
RN  - 16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 9002-89-5 (Polyvinyl Alcohol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetone/chemistry
MH  - Charcoal/*chemistry
MH  - Diffusion
MH  - Environment
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*isolation & purification
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/*isolation & purification
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/*isolation & purification
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - *Membranes, Artificial
MH  - Models, Chemical
MH  - Polyethylene/chemistry
MH  - Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry
MH  - Powders
MH  - Water/chemistry
EDAT- 2009/12/01 06:00
MHDA- 2010/02/06 06:00
CRDT- 2009/12/01 06:00
PHST- 2009/12/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/12/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/02/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es9014162 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Dec 1;43(23):8916-22. doi: 10.1021/es9014162.