PMID- 19956743
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100408
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1553-7404 (Electronic)
IS  - 1553-7390 (Print)
IS  - 1553-7390 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 11
DP  - 2009 Nov
TI  - Maize centromere structure and evolution: sequence analysis of centromeres 2 and 
      5 reveals dynamic Loci shaped primarily by retrotransposons.
PG  - e1000743
LID - 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000743 [doi]
LID - e1000743
AB  - We describe a comprehensive and general approach for mapping centromeres and 
      present a detailed characterization of two maize centromeres. Centromeres are 
      difficult to map and analyze because they consist primarily of repetitive DNA 
      sequences, which in maize are the tandem satellite repeat CentC and interspersed 
      centromeric retrotransposons of maize (CRM). Centromeres are defined 
      epigenetically by the centromeric histone H3 variant, CENH3. Using novel markers 
      derived from centromere repeats, we have mapped all ten centromeres onto the 
      physical and genetic maps of maize. We were able to completely traverse 
      centromeres 2 and 5, confirm physical maps by fluorescence in situ hybridization 
      (FISH), and delineate their functional regions by chromatin immunoprecipitation 
      (ChIP) with anti-CENH3 antibody followed by pyrosequencing. These two centromeres 
      differ substantially in size, apparent CENH3 density, and arrangement of 
      centromeric repeats; and they are larger than the rice centromeres characterized 
      to date. Furthermore, centromere 5 consists of two distinct CENH3 domains that 
      are separated by several megabases. Succession of centromere repeat classes is 
      evidenced by the fact that elements belonging to the recently active recombinant 
      subgroups of CRM1 colonize the present day centromeres, while elements of the 
      ancestral subgroups are also found in the flanking regions. Using abundant CRM 
      and non-CRM retrotransposons that inserted in and near these two centromeres to 
      create a historical record of centromere location, we show that maize centromeres 
      are fluid genomic regions whose borders are heavily influenced by the interplay 
      of retrotransposons and epigenetic marks. Furthermore, we propose that CRMs may 
      be involved in removal of centromeric DNA (specifically CentC), invasion of 
      centromeres by non-CRM retrotransposons, and local repositioning of the CENH3.
FAU - Wolfgruber, Thomas K
AU  - Wolfgruber TK
AD  - Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 
      USA.
FAU - Sharma, Anupma
AU  - Sharma A
FAU - Schneider, Kevin L
AU  - Schneider KL
FAU - Albert, Patrice S
AU  - Albert PS
FAU - Koo, Dal-Hoe
AU  - Koo DH
FAU - Shi, Jinghua
AU  - Shi J
FAU - Gao, Zhi
AU  - Gao Z
FAU - Han, Fangpu
AU  - Han F
FAU - Lee, Hyeran
AU  - Lee H
FAU - Xu, Ronghui
AU  - Xu R
FAU - Allison, Jamie
AU  - Allison J
FAU - Birchler, James A
AU  - Birchler JA
FAU - Jiang, Jiming
AU  - Jiang J
FAU - Dawe, R Kelly
AU  - Dawe RK
FAU - Presting, Gernot G
AU  - Presting GG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20091120
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Genet
JT  - PLoS genetics
JID - 101239074
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
RN  - 0 (Retroelements)
SB  - IM
CIN - PLoS Genet. 5:e1000723.
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - *Biological Evolution
MH  - Centromere/*genetics/ultrastructure
MH  - Chromosomes, Plant
MH  - DNA, Plant
MH  - *Genetic Loci
MH  - *Retroelements
MH  - Zea mays/*genetics
PMC - PMC2776974
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2009/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2010/04/09 06:00
PMCR- 2009/11/01
CRDT- 2009/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2009/07/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/10/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2009/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 09-PLGE-RA-MZ-1151R3 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000743 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS Genet. 2009 Nov;5(11):e1000743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000743. Epub 2009 
      Nov 20.