PMID- 19994903
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100325
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 1
DP  - 2010 Jan 1
TI  - Particle emissions, volatility, and toxicity from an ethanol fumigated 
      compression ignition engine.
PG  - 229-35
LID - 10.1021/es9021377 [doi]
AB  - Particle emissions, volatility, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species 
      (ROS) were investigated for a pre-Euro I compression ignition engine to study the 
      potential health impacts of employing ethanol fumigation technology. Engine 
      testing was performed in two separate experimental campaigns with most testing 
      performed at intermediate speed with four different load settings and various 
      ethanol substitutions. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to 
      determine particle size distributions, a volatilization tandem differential 
      mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) was used to explore particle volatility, and a new 
      profluorescent nitroxide probe, BPEAnit, was used to investigate the potential 
      toxicity of particles. The greatest particulate mass reduction was achieved with 
      ethanol fumigation at full load, which contributed to the formation of a 
      nucleation mode. Ethanol fumigation increased the volatility of particles by 
      coating the particles with organic material or by making extra organic material 
      available as an external mixture. In addition, the particle-related ROS 
      concentrations increased with ethanol fumigation and were associated with the 
      formation of a nucleation mode. The smaller particles, the increased volatility, 
      and the increase in potential particle toxicity with ethanol fumigation may 
      provide a substantial barrier for the uptake of fumigation technology using 
      ethanol as a supplementary fuel.
FAU - Surawski, Nicholas C
AU  - Surawski NC
AD  - International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of 
      Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia.
FAU - Miljevic, Branka
AU  - Miljevic B
FAU - Roberts, Boyd A
AU  - Roberts BA
FAU - Modini, Robin L
AU  - Modini RL
FAU - Situ, Rong
AU  - Situ R
FAU - Brown, Richard J
AU  - Brown RJ
FAU - Bottle, Steven E
AU  - Bottle SE
FAU - Ristovski, Zoran D
AU  - Ristovski ZD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Ethanol
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/*toxicity
MH  - *Volatilization
EDAT- 2009/12/10 06:00
MHDA- 2010/03/26 06:00
CRDT- 2009/12/10 06:00
PHST- 2009/12/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/12/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/03/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es9021377 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jan 1;44(1):229-35. doi: 10.1021/es9021377.