PMID- 20004462
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100907
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 408
IP  - 15
DP  - 2010 Jul 1
TI  - Atmospheric monitoring of organic pollutants in the Arctic under the Arctic 
      Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP): 1993-2006.
PG  - 2854-73
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.044 [doi]
AB  - Continuous and comparable atmospheric monitoring programs to study the transport 
      and occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere of 
      remote regions is essential to better understand the global movement of these 
      chemicals and to evaluate the effectiveness of international control measures. 
      Key results from four main Arctic research stations, Alert (Canada), Pallas 
      (Finland), Storhofdi (Iceland) and Zeppelin (Svalbard/Norway), where long-term 
      monitoring have been carried out since the early 1990s, are summarized. We have 
      also included a discussion of main results from various Arctic satellite stations 
      in Canada, Russia, US (Alaska) and Greenland which have been operational for 
      shorter time periods. Using the Digital Filtration temporal trend development 
      technique, it was found that while some POPs showed more or less consistent 
      declines during the 1990s, this reduction is less apparent in recent years at 
      some sites. In contrast, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were still found 
      to be increasing by 2005 at Alert with doubling times of 3.5 years in the case of 
      deca-BDE. Levels and patterns of most POPs in Arctic air are also showing spatial 
      variability, which is typically explained by differences in proximity to 
      suspected key source regions and long-range atmospheric transport potentials. 
      Furthermore, increase in worldwide usage of certain pesticides, e.g. 
      chlorothalonil and quintozene, which are contaminated with hexachlorobenzene 
      (HCB), may result in an increase in Arctic air concentration of HCB. The results 
      combined also indicate that both temporal and spatial patterns of POPs in Arctic 
      air may be affected by various processes driven by climate change, such as 
      reduced ice cover, increasing seawater temperatures and an increase in biomass 
      burning in boreal regions as exemplified by the data from the Zeppelin and Alert 
      stations. Further research and continued air monitoring are needed to better 
      understand these processes and its future impact on the Arctic environment.
CI  - Crown Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hung, Hayley
AU  - Hung H
AD  - Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 
      Toronto, ON, Canada. hayley.hung@ec.gc.ca
FAU - Kallenborn, Roland
AU  - Kallenborn R
FAU - Breivik, Knut
AU  - Breivik K
FAU - Su, Yushan
AU  - Su Y
FAU - Brorstrom-Lunden, Eva
AU  - Brorstrom-Lunden E
FAU - Olafsdottir, Kristin
AU  - Olafsdottir K
FAU - Thorlacius, Johanna M
AU  - Thorlacius JM
FAU - Leppanen, Sirkka
AU  - Leppanen S
FAU - Bossi, Rossana
AU  - Bossi R
FAU - Skov, Henrik
AU  - Skov H
FAU - Mano, Stein
AU  - Mano S
FAU - Patton, Gregory W
AU  - Patton GW
FAU - Stern, Gary
AU  - Stern G
FAU - Sverko, Ed
AU  - Sverko E
FAU - Fellin, Phil
AU  - Fellin P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20091211
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Air Pollution/analysis/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Arctic Regions
MH  - Atmosphere/*chemistry
MH  - Environment
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring/legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - Government Regulation
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis
MH  - Hexachlorobenzene/analysis
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*analysis
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
EDAT- 2009/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2010/09/08 06:00
CRDT- 2009/12/17 06:00
PHST- 2009/05/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/10/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/10/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/09/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(09)01025-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.044 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2010 Jul 1;408(15):2854-73. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.044. Epub 2009 Dec 11.