PMID- 20017619
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100408
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1557-9077 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-7256 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2010 Jan
TI  - Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide synthase III 
      in the thyroid gland of ovariectomized rats are upregulated by estrogen and 
      selective estrogen receptor modulators.
PG  - 85-92
LID - 10.1089/thy.2009.0246 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Estrogen promotes the growth of thyroid cells. Therefore, we analyzed 
      the influence of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on 
      the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide 
      synthase III (NOS III) in the thyroid gland of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. 
      METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into five groups, and bilateral ovariectomies 
      were performed, except on the Sham-operated controls (Sham). Rats were grouped as 
      follows: Sham; Ovx; and Ovx rats treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 
      estradiol benzoate 3.5 microg/kg, tamoxifen 2.5 mg/kg, or raloxifene 2.5 mg/kg 
      for 50 consecutive days. Control animals received vehicle (propyleneglycol), and 
      at the end of the treatment, rats were sacrificed. The thyroid glands were 
      excised, weighed, and processed for analysis of the expression of VEGF or NOS III 
      by immunohistochemistry. The mean vascular areas were evaluated by 
      immunodetection of alpha-smooth muscle actin. RESULTS: Thyroid weight and mean 
      vascular area were lower in Ovx as compared with Sham, Ovx + estradiol benzoate, 
      Ovx + Tam, or Ovx + Ral (p < 0.01). VEGF (p < 0.01) and NOS III expressions (p < 
      0.05) were significantly lower in the Ovx group, as compared with Sham, Ovx + 
      estradiol benzoate, Ovx + Tam, and Ovx + Ral. Immunoreactivity for both VEGF and 
      NOS III was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of the follicular epithelial cells. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that estrogen and SERMs regulate the thyroid gland 
      vascularization and that tamoxifen and raloxifene behave like estrogen does. 
      Estrogen and SERMs upregulate VEGF and NOS III in such a way as to reverse the 
      effects detected on the thyroid microvasculature of the Ovx rats.
FAU - de Araujo, Luiz Felipe Bittencourt
AU  - de Araujo LF
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal 
      University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. lfbita@gmail.com
FAU - Grozovsky, Renata
AU  - Grozovsky R
FAU - dos Santos Pereira, Mario Jose
AU  - dos Santos Pereira MJ
FAU - de Carvalho, Jorge Jose
AU  - de Carvalho JJ
FAU - Vaisman, Mario
AU  - Vaisman M
FAU - Carvalho, Denise P
AU  - Carvalho DP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Thyroid
JT  - Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association
JID - 9104317
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 0 (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors)
RN  - 0 (smooth muscle actin, rat)
RN  - 094ZI81Y45 (Tamoxifen)
RN  - 1S4CJB5ZGN (estradiol 3-benzoate)
RN  - 4F86W47BR6 (Raloxifene Hydrochloride)
RN  - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actins/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Estradiol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Estrogens/*pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Microvessels/drug effects
MH  - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/*metabolism
MH  - Organ Size
MH  - Ovariectomy
MH  - Raloxifene Hydrochloride/pharmacology
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/*pharmacology
MH  - Tamoxifen/pharmacology
MH  - Thyroid Gland/blood supply/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation/*drug effects
MH  - Uterus/anatomy & histology/drug effects
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/*metabolism
EDAT- 2009/12/19 06:00
MHDA- 2010/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2009/12/19 06:00
PHST- 2009/12/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/12/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/04/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1089/thy.2009.0246 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Thyroid. 2010 Jan;20(1):85-92. doi: 10.1089/thy.2009.0246.