PMID- 20022601
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100610
LR  - 20100322
IS  - 1873-491X (Electronic)
IS  - 0020-7489 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 5
DP  - 2010 May
TI  - Development and validation of an instrument to measure nurse-patient bonding.
PG  - 608-15
LID - 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.007 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Most instruments on nurse-patient relationship determine the caring 
      behavior of the nurse, but have minimal consideration of the patient's role in 
      the interaction. Moreover, it is the patients that complete many of those 
      instruments, thus leaving out the perspective of the nurse. There is then a need 
      to account for the contributions that both the nurse and the patient bring into 
      their encounter where bonding is formed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop 
      and validate an instrument that determines the degree of bonding between nurse 
      and patient based on their openness to each other and their engagement in patient 
      care. SETTINGS: Data were collected from nurses and patients in the wards of four 
      public and private tertiary hospitals in Manila, Philippines, where most Filipino 
      nurses render care to patients before getting employed in other countries. 
      PARTICIPANTS: A total of 420 nurses and patients (i.e., 210 dyads) participated 
      in this research conducted in 2008. Most of the nurses were young females with 
      beginning clinical experience, while the patients had a wider age range with the 
      majority having no college education and no employment. METHODS: The 
      Nurse-Patient Bonding Instrument (NPBI), which dimensions were generated from 
      qualitative observations and interviews, and corroborated by literature, was 
      validated at the bedside setting. To determine interrater reliability, two 
      trained raters unobtrusively observed actual nurse-patient interactions and 
      ticked on the NPBI behavioral indicators of openness and engagement. Construct 
      validity was established using known-groups technique. Moreover, bonding score 
      was correlated with patient satisfaction for predictive validity. RESULTS: 
      Reliability ranged from r=.80 to .95 (p<.01). Factor analysis demonstrated that 
      the subscale scores of patient openness, nurse openness, patient engagement, and 
      nurse engagement all loaded on one factor, the bonding factor, demonstrating a 
      unified structure of the NPBI. Nurses and patients had higher bonding scores in 
      interactions of longer duration than shorter duration, controlling for number of 
      previous encounters. This provided evidence for construct validity using 
      known-groups technique. The NPBI was likewise shown to distinguish groups based 
      on age, education, and civil status. Patient satisfaction correlated positively 
      with bonding score, providing evidence suggestive of the predictive validity of 
      the NPBI. CONCLUSION: The NPBI was shown to be a reliable and valid tool for 
      assessing nurse-patient bonding, and can possibly predict patient satisfaction. 
      The openness and engagement of nurse and patient were demonstrated to result in a 
      structure, a nurse-patient dyad. This finding invites further investigations on 
      the characteristics and development of this dyad.
CI  - Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Tejero, Lourdes Marie S
AU  - Tejero LM
AD  - College of Nursing, University of the Philippines Manila, Pedro Gil Street, 
      Manila, Philippines. lmstejero@upm.edu.ph
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20091222
PL  - England
TA  - Int J Nurs Stud
JT  - International journal of nursing studies
JID - 0400675
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Nurse-Patient Relations
MH  - Nurses/psychology
MH  - *Object Attachment
MH  - Patient Satisfaction
MH  - Patients/psychology
MH  - Philippines
EDAT- 2009/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2010/06/11 06:00
CRDT- 2009/12/22 06:00
PHST- 2009/04/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/10/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/10/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2009/12/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/06/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0020-7489(09)00326-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 May;47(5):608-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.007. Epub 
      2009 Dec 22.