PMID- 20045551
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100401
LR  - 20100129
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 78
IP  - 6
DP  - 2010 Feb
TI  - Chemical contaminants in aquafeeds and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following 
      the use of traditional- versus alternative feed ingredients.
PG  - 637-46
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.021 [doi]
AB  - Marine feed ingredients, traditionally used in commercial fish feeds, are the 
      source of these pollutants in farmed fish. The aim of the study was to assess the 
      chemical contaminant load in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) raised on novel 
      sustainable feeds based on a combination of alternative ingredients. Atlantic 
      salmon were reared on feeds based on either traditional or alternative feed 
      ingredients for an entire seawater production cycle up to approximately 4kg, 
      which is a typical market-size for this species. The levels of several notorious 
      contaminants were analysed in feed ingredients, feed, and skin-off fillets. These 
      included persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls 
      (PCBs), dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and 
      polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as elements such as arsenic, 
      mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and fluorine. In addition, poly-aromatic 
      hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed. The use of alternative feed ingredients 
      reduced the fillet load of POPs by 51-82% and the level of arsenic and mercury by 
      80-96%. In contrast, the PAH levels in fish reared on the novel feeds were 
      significantly (p<0.05) higher than the PAH concentrations in traditionally-raised 
      fish. The present study shows that developments in feed formulation will reduce 
      the load of most persistent organic pollutants in farmed salmon, but may increase 
      concentrations of other contaminants such as PAHs, which are normally not 
      associated with Atlantic salmon. The paper also compares the levels of 
      contaminants in farmed Atlantic salmon expected in the future with those levels 
      reported in the literature and currently on the market.
CI  - Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Berntssen, Marc H G
AU  - Berntssen MH
AD  - National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.O. Box 2029 
      Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway. marc.berntssen@nifes.no
FAU - Julshamn, Kare
AU  - Julshamn K
FAU - Lundebye, Anne-Katrine
AU  - Lundebye AK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100104
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Fish Oils)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (Plant Preparations)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed/*analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Fish Oils/*analysis
MH  - Metals/*analysis
MH  - Plant Preparations/analysis
MH  - *Salmo salar
EDAT- 2010/01/05 06:00
MHDA- 2010/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2010/01/05 06:00
PHST- 2009/07/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/11/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/12/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/01/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/04/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(09)01444-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2010 Feb;78(6):637-46. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.021. Epub 
      2010 Jan 4.