PMID- 20047768
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100602
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1872-8227 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 3
DP  - 2010 Mar
TI  - Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on prescription medication burden and 
      out-of-pocket healthcare expenses.
PG  - 360-5
LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.11.021 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: The number of prescription medications and out-of-pocket expenses of 
      individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were evaluated to assess the 
      economic burden of diabetes. METHODS: The self-reported number of prescription 
      medications and out-of-pocket healthcare expenses were evaluated from respondents 
      of the United States SHIELD study with and without a diagnosis of T2DM. 
      Medications included monotherapy and combination therapy; combination tablets 
      were counted as one agent. Analysis of variance and multivariate linear 
      regression models adjusted for age, gender, prescription insurance coverage, and 
      household income. RESULTS: Of the T2DM respondents (n=3551), 40% were on 1 
      prescription antidiabetic agent (7% insulin alone), 26% were on 2 agents, 8% were 
      on >or=3 agents, with a mean of 1.3 antidiabetic agents. After adjusting for age, 
      gender, insurance coverage, and income, respondents with T2DM had a significantly 
      larger total number of prescriptions (6.2) and higher out-of-pocket expenses for 
      both annual medical ($1158) and monthly prescription ($144) expenses, compared 
      with respondents without T2DM (n=8686) (4.1 prescriptions, $925 annual medical, 
      $118 monthly prescription) (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increased out-of-pocket medical 
      and medication costs in T2DM are due to the use of both antidiabetic agents and 
      other medications for treatment of comorbid conditions.
FAU - Rodbard, Helena W
AU  - Rodbard HW
AD  - Endocrine and Metabolic Associates, Rockville, MD, USA.
FAU - Green, Andrew J
AU  - Green AJ
FAU - Fox, Kathleen M
AU  - Fox KM
FAU - Grandy, Susan
AU  - Grandy S
CN  - SHIELD Study Group
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100104
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract
JT  - Diabetes research and clinical practice
JID - 8508335
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Prescription Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/*economics
MH  - Female
MH  - Financing, Personal/*economics
MH  - Health Expenditures
MH  - Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*economics/therapeutic use
MH  - Insurance, Health/economics
MH  - Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services/economics
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prescription Drugs/*economics
MH  - *Prescription Fees
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
FIR - Bays, Harold
IR  - Bays H
FIR - Bazata, Debbra D
IR  - Bazata DD
FIR - Gavin, James R 3rd
IR  - Gavin JR 3rd
FIR - Green, Andrew J
IR  - Green AJ
FIR - Lewis, Sandra J
IR  - Lewis SJ
FIR - Reed, Michael L
IR  - Reed ML
FIR - Robinson, Jennifer G
IR  - Robinson JG
FIR - Rodbard, Helena W
IR  - Rodbard HW
FIR - Fanning, Tina
IR  - Fanning T
EDAT- 2010/01/06 06:00
MHDA- 2010/06/03 06:00
CRDT- 2010/01/06 06:00
PHST- 2009/07/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2009/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2009/11/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/01/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/06/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0168-8227(09)00492-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.11.021 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010 Mar;87(3):360-5. doi: 
      10.1016/j.diabres.2009.11.021. Epub 2010 Jan 4.