PMID- 20051142
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101228
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1471-2407 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2407 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2010 Jan 6
TI  - Tocotrienols are good adjuvants for developing cancer vaccines.
PG  - 5
LID - 10.1186/1471-2407-10-5 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential for cancer immunotherapy due 
      to their ability to process and present antigens to T-cells and also in 
      stimulating immune responses. However, DC-based vaccines have only exhibited 
      minimal effectiveness against established tumours in mice and humans. The use of 
      appropriate adjuvant enhances the efficacy of DC based cancer vaccines in 
      treating tumours. METHODS: In this study we have used tocotrienol-rich fraction 
      (TRF), a non-toxic natural compound, as an adjuvant to enhance the effectiveness 
      of DC vaccines in treating mouse mammary cancers. In the mouse model, 
      six-week-old female BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with DC and 
      supplemented with oral TRF daily (DC+TRF) and DC pulsed with tumour lysate from 
      4T1 cells (DC+TL). Experimental mice were also injected with DC pulsed with 
      tumour lysate and supplemented daily with oral TRF (DC+TL+TRF) while two groups 
      of animal which were supplemented daily with carrier oil (control) and with TRF 
      (TRF). After three times vaccination, mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in the 
      mammary breast pad to induce tumour. RESULTS: Our study showed that TRF in 
      combination with DC pulsed with tumour lysate (DC+TL+TRF) injected subcutaneously 
      significantly inhibited the growth of 4T1 mammary tumour cells as compared to 
      control group. Analysis of cytokines production from murine splenocytes showed 
      significant increased productions of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in experimental mice 
      (DC+TL+TRF) compared to control, mice injected with DC without TRF, mice injected 
      with DC pulsed with tumour lysate and mice supplemented with TRF alone. Higher 
      numbers of cytotoxic T cells (CD8) and natural killer cells (NK) were observed in 
      the peripheral blood of TRF adjuvanted DC pulsed tumour lysate mice. CONCLUSION: 
      Our study show that TRF has the potential to be an adjuvant to augment DC based 
      immunotherapy.
FAU - Hafid, Sitti Rahma Abdul
AU  - Hafid SR
AD  - Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 
      Selangor, Malaysia.
FAU - Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty
AU  - Radhakrishnan AK
FAU - Nesaretnam, Kalanithi
AU  - Nesaretnam K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100106
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Cancer
JT  - BMC cancer
JID - 100967800
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Cancer Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Tocotrienols)
RN  - 187348-17-0 (Interleukin-12)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cancer Vaccines/*immunology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/methods
MH  - Interferon-gamma/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-12/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
MH  - Tocotrienols/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC2824713
EDAT- 2010/01/07 06:00
MHDA- 2010/12/29 06:00
PMCR- 2010/01/06
CRDT- 2010/01/07 06:00
PHST- 2008/10/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/01/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/01/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/12/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/01/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1471-2407-10-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1471-2407-10-5 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Cancer. 2010 Jan 6;10:5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-5.