PMID- 20091796
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100604
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1542-9741 (Electronic)
IS  - 1542-9733 (Linking)
VI  - 89
IP  - 1
DP  - 2010 Feb
TI  - Korean red ginseng extract does not cause embryo-fetal death or abnormalities in 
      mice.
PG  - 78-85
LID - 10.1002/bdrb.20224 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ginseng has been used for a long time and is well tolerated in 
      humans. However, recent studies have shown that ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Re 
      exert embryotoxicity in in vitro culture systems. We investigated the effects of 
      Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on embryonic implantation and fetal development 
      in mice. METHODS: Mice were orally administered KRGE (20, 200, or 2,000 
      mg/kg/day) from 2 weeks before mating to gestational day (GD) 18, and 
      implantation rate, fetal mortality, body weights, as well as external, visceral, 
      and skeletal abnormalities were determined by Caesarean section on GD18. 
      Ginsenosides in KRGE and in the blood of dams were identified and quantified by 
      HPLC analysis. RESULTS: KRGE did not affect embryonic implantation and mortality 
      as well as fetal body weights up to 2,000 mg/kg/day (approximately 200 times 
      clinical doses), the upper-limit dose recommended by the Korea Food and Drug 
      Administration (KFDA). Although the prevalence of supernumerary ribs increased at 
      the medium dose (200 mg/kg/day), no dose-dependent increases in external, 
      visceral, and skeletal abnormalities were observed. Major ginsenosides such as 
      Rb1, Rg1, and Re were not detected in the blood of dams based on their 
      chromatographic profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable developmental toxicities of 
      KRGE, even at the upper-limit dose, were not observed in mice. These results 
      might be due to the negligible blood concentrations of ginsenosides in their 
      original forms following oral administration, suggesting that in vitro 
      experiments to assess the effects of ginsenosides on embryotoxicity may not 
      reliably explain the risks of ginsenosides to in vivo embryo-fetal development.
FAU - Shin, Sunhee
AU  - Shin S
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbongro (Gaeshin-dong), Cheongju, Chungbuk 
      361-763, Korea.
FAU - Jang, Ja Young
AU  - Jang JY
FAU - Park, Dongsun
AU  - Park D
FAU - Yon, Jung-Min
AU  - Yon JM
FAU - Baek, In-Jeoung
AU  - Baek IJ
FAU - Hwang, Bang Yeon
AU  - Hwang BY
FAU - Nam, Sang-Yoon
AU  - Nam SY
FAU - Yun, Young Won
AU  - Yun YW
FAU - Kim, Ki-Yon
AU  - Kim KY
FAU - Joo, Seong Soo
AU  - Joo SS
FAU - Kim, Yun-Bae
AU  - Kim YB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol
JT  - Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology
JID - 101155115
SB  - IM
MH  - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Chromatography/methods
MH  - Embryo Loss/*chemically induced
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Death/*chemically induced
MH  - Fetal Development/drug effects
MH  - Fetus/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - Panax/*toxicity
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy, Animal
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2010/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2010/06/05 06:00
CRDT- 2010/01/22 06:00
PHST- 2010/01/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/06/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/bdrb.20224 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Feb;89(1):78-85. doi: 
      10.1002/bdrb.20224.