PMID- 20093182
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100726
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1879-0720 (Electronic)
IS  - 0928-0987 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 5
DP  - 2010 Mar 18
TI  - Aerodynamic characteristics of a dry powder inhaler at low inhalation flows using 
      a mixing inlet with an Andersen Cascade Impactor.
PG  - 348-54
LID - 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.01.002 [doi]
AB  - The aerodynamic characteristics of the dose emitted from a dry powder inhaler 
      (DPI) are inhalation flow dependent but have not been determined for low flows. 
      We have designed novel methodology to measure these at <28.3 lmin(-1). The 
      original Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) designed for use at 60 lmin(-1) was 
      adapted to include a mixing inlet (MIXINLET) which allows inhalation flows 
      through the DPI from 5 to 60 lmin(-1). The mean fine particle dose (FPD) from a 
      formoterol Turbuhaler using the MIXINLET method at 10, 20, 28.3, 40 and 60 
      lmin(-1) was 0.55, 1.39, 1.80, 2.88 and 5.86 microg and the mass median 
      aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was 6.6, 6.0, 5.4, 5.1 and 2.8 microm. Similarly, the 
      FPD using the ACI method was 0.13, 0.69, 1.50, 2.48 and 5.42 microg and MMADs 
      were 12.2, 7.4, 5.5, 4.8 and 2.7 microm. The accuracy of the original ACI <28.3 
      lmin(-1) is unknown. The ACI with the mixing inlet allows the determination of 
      the in vitro dose emission properties of DPIs at flows <28.3 lmin(-1) whilst 
      maintaining a constant flow through the ACI. This methodology, therefore, can 
      help to focus attention to the lowest inhalation flow required for a DPI.
CI  - Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Nadarassan, Dinesh Kumar
AU  - Nadarassan DK
AD  - Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, 
      UK. dineshnadarassan@advancedgel.co
FAU - Assi, Khaled H
AU  - Assi KH
FAU - Chrystyn, Henry
AU  - Chrystyn H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20100120
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Pharm Sci
JT  - European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European 
      Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
JID - 9317982
RN  - 0 (Powders)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - *Powders
MH  - Pressure
EDAT- 2010/01/23 06:00
MHDA- 2010/07/27 06:00
CRDT- 2010/01/23 06:00
PHST- 2009/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/01/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/01/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/01/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/07/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0928-0987(10)00026-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.01.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Pharm Sci. 2010 Mar 18;39(5):348-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.01.002. Epub 
      2010 Jan 20.