PMID- 20101308
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100623
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 1998-3611 (Electronic)
IS  - 0019-5154 (Print)
IS  - 0019-5154 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 2
DP  - 2009
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in a tertiary referral 
      center.
PG  - 132-6
LID - 10.4103/0019-5154.53189 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with 
      multiorgan involvement. The skin is the second most commonly affected organ. SLE 
      with skin lesions can produce considerable morbidity resulting from painful skin 
      lesions, alopecia, disfigurement, etc. Skin lesions in patients with lupus may be 
      specific (LE specific) or may be non specific (LE non specific). Acute cutaneous 
      LE (Lupus specific) has a strong association with systemic disease and 
      non-specific skin lesions always indicate disease activity for which patients 
      present to rheumatologists and internists. Therefore, a thorough understanding of 
      the cutaneous manifestations of SLE is essential for most efficient management. 
      AIMS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the patterns and prevalence of skin 
      lesions in patients with SLE and to assess the relationship between skin lesions 
      and other systemic involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the Department of 
      Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IPGME&R in Kolkata, 150 patients with SLE 
      fulfilling the clinical and laboratory criteria of the American Rheumatology 
      Association (updated 1982) were examined and followed-up for cutaneous 
      manifestations between January 2002 and January 2007. RESULTS: Skin lesions were 
      important clinical features. About 45 patients (30%) presented with skin lesions 
      although all patients had skin lesions during the follow-up period. Skin changes 
      noted were as follows: Lupus specific lesions: malar rash in 120 patients (80%), 
      photosensitive dermatitis in 75 patients (50%), generalized maculopapular rash in 
      40 patients (26.67%), discoid rash in 30 patients (20%), subacute cutaneous lupus 
      erythematosus (SCLE) in 5 patients (3.34%), lupus profundus in 5 patients 
      (3.34%). The lupus non-specific lesions were non-scarring alopecia in 130 
      patients (86.67%), oral ulcers in 85 patients (56.67%), vasculitic lesions in 50 
      patients (33.34%), bullous lesions in 15 patients (10%), Raynaud's phenomenon in 
      10 patients (6.67%), pyoderma gangrenosum in 2 patients (1.34%), erythema 
      multiforme in 10 patients (6.67%), and nail fold infarcts in 2 patients (1.34%); 
      however, mucosal discoid lupus, lichenoid discoid lupus, livedo reticularis, 
      sclerodactyly, etc. were not detected. Patients having lupus-specific skin 
      lesions e.g., malar rash were associated with systemic involvement, whereas those 
      having lupus non-specific skin lesions were associated with disease flare. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Skin lesions in patients with SLE are important disease 
      manifestations and proper understanding is essential for diagnosis and efficient 
      management.
FAU - Kole, Alakes Kumar
AU  - Kole AK
AD  - Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Department of 
      Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.
FAU - Ghosh, Alakendu
AU  - Ghosh A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Dermatol
JT  - Indian journal of dermatology
JID - 0370750
PMC - PMC2807152
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cutaneous manifestations
OT  - organ involvement
OT  - systemic lupus erythematosus
COIS- Conflict of Interest: Nil.
EDAT- 2010/01/27 06:00
MHDA- 2010/01/27 06:01
PMCR- 2009/04/01
CRDT- 2010/01/27 06:00
PHST- 2010/01/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2009/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IJD-54-132 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/0019-5154.53189 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Dermatol. 2009;54(2):132-6. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.53189.