PMID- 20203257
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100518
LR  - 20100305
IS  - 1939-8697 (Electronic)
IS  - 0006-3185 (Linking)
VI  - 218
IP  - 1
DP  - 2010 Feb
TI  - Subcuticular bacteria associated with two common New Zealand echinoderms: 
      Characterization using 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization.
PG  - 95-104
AB  - Many echinoderms contain subcuticular bacteria (SCB), symbionts which reside in 
      the lumen between the host's epidermal cells and outer cuticle. This relationship 
      is common, existing in about 60% of echinoderms studied so far, yet the function 
      of SCB remains largely unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried 
      out on 16S rRNA sequences obtained from echinoderm-associated bacteria, resulting 
      in the identification of four species of putative SCB. All four bacteria were 
      identified from the holothurian Stichopus mollis, and two of the four were also 
      found in the asteroid Patiriella sp. Two of these bacteria belong to the 
      Alphaproteobacteria, and two to the Gammaproteobacteria. In addition to 
      phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were 
      carried out on Patiriella sp., S. mollis, and the asteroid Astrostole scabra. 
      Results showed that Patiriella sp. and S. mollis contain SCB, in agreement with 
      the phylogenetic analysis, while SCB were not detected in A. scabra. Of the 
      bacteria detected using FISH, more than 80% were recognized as belonging to the 
      Alphaproteobacteria in both host species. However, in S. mollis about 20% of the 
      detected SCB successfully hybridized with the Gammaproteobacteria-specific probe, 
      whereas bacteria belonging to this class were never observed in Patiriella sp. 
      This is only the second study to characterize SCB by molecular means, and is the 
      first to identify SCB in situ using FISH.
FAU - Lawrence, Scott A
AU  - Lawrence SA
AD  - Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
FAU - O'Toole, Ronan
AU  - O'Toole R
FAU - Taylor, Michael W
AU  - Taylor MW
FAU - Davy, Simon K
AU  - Davy SK
LA  - eng
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PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Biol Bull
JT  - The Biological bulletin
JID - 2984727R
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alphaproteobacteria/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Gammaproteobacteria/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - New Zealand
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Stichopus/*microbiology
EDAT- 2010/03/06 06:00
MHDA- 2010/05/19 06:00
CRDT- 2010/03/06 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/03/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/05/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 218/1/95 [pii]
AID - 10.1086/BBLv218n1p95 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Bull. 2010 Feb;218(1):95-104. doi: 10.1086/BBLv218n1p95.