PMID- 20214644
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100701
LR  - 20190911
IS  - 1875-5305 (Electronic)
IS  - 0929-8665 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 2
DP  - 2010 Feb
TI  - TNF-alpha and ghrelin: opposite effects on immune system, metabolism and mental 
      health.
PG  - 186-96
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a glycoprotein hormone with important 
      functions in inflammation and apoptosis. It plays a significant role as a 
      pro-inflammatory cytokine in the defense against viral, bacterial and parasitic 
      infections and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, it influences energy 
      homeostasis and has an anorexigenic effect on the hypothalamus. TNF-alpha has 
      also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders such 
      as depression or narcolepsy. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone which primarily 
      regulates eating behavior through modulation of expression of orexigenic peptides 
      in the hypothalamus. Ghrelin administration increases food intake and body 
      weight, while weight loss in turn increases ghrelin levels. Secondly, it posesses 
      anti-inflammatory properties. It also seems to have an impact on mental health as 
      it is has been suggested to have antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. 
      Therefore, TNF-alpha and ghrelin seem to have opposite effects regarding the 
      hypothalamic regulation of eating behavior, modulation of the immune response and 
      the state of mental health.
FAU - Himmerich, Hubertus
AU  - Himmerich H
AD  - Claussen-Simon-Endowed Professorship for Neurobiology of Affective Disorders, 
      Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 
      Germany. Hubertus.Himmerich@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
FAU - Sheldrick, Abigail J
AU  - Sheldrick AJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Protein Pept Lett
JT  - Protein and peptide letters
JID - 9441434
RN  - 0 (Ghrelin)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Appetite Regulation/physiology
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Ghrelin/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypothalamus/*physiology/physiopathology
MH  - Immune System/*physiology
MH  - Mental Disorders/physiopathology/prevention & control
MH  - *Mental Health
MH  - Narcolepsy/physiopathology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/*physiology
EDAT- 2010/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2010/07/02 06:00
CRDT- 2010/03/11 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/07/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2174/092986610790225941 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Protein Pept Lett. 2010 Feb;17(2):186-96. doi: 10.2174/092986610790225941.