PMID- 20237222
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101025
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 1537-1719 (Electronic)
IS  - 0737-4038 (Print)
IS  - 0737-4038 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 8
DP  - 2010 Aug
TI  - Accelerated evolution of PAK3- and PIM1-like kinase gene families in the zebra 
      finch, Taeniopygia guttata.
PG  - 1923-34
LID - 10.1093/molbev/msq080 [doi]
AB  - Genes encoding protein kinases tend to evolve slowly over evolutionary time, and 
      only rarely do they appear as recent duplications in sequenced vertebrate 
      genomes. Consequently, it was a surprise to find two families of kinase genes 
      that have greatly and recently expanded in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) 
      lineage. In contrast to other amniotic genomes (including chicken) that harbor 
      only single copies of p21-activated serine/threonine kinase 3 (PAK3) and proviral 
      integration site 1 (PIM1) genes, the zebra finch genome appeared at first to 
      additionally contain 67 PAK3-like (PAK3L) and 51 PIM1-like (PIM1L) protein kinase 
      genes. An exhaustive analysis of these gene models, however, revealed most to be 
      incomplete, owing to the absence of terminal exons. After reprediction, 31 PAK3L 
      genes and 10 PIM1L genes remain, and all but three are predicted, from the 
      retention of functional sites and open reading frames, to be enzymatically 
      active. PAK3L, but not PIM1L, gene sequences show evidence of recurrent episodes 
      of positive selection, concentrated within structures spatially adjacent to N- 
      and C-terminal protein regions that have been discarded from zebra finch PAK3L 
      genes. At least seven zebra finch PAK3L genes were observed to be expressed in 
      testis, whereas two sequences were found transcribed in the brain, one broadly 
      including the song nuclei and the other in the ventricular zone and in cells 
      resembling Bergmann's glia in the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. Two PIM1L 
      sequences were also observed to be expressed with broad distributions in the 
      zebra finch brain, one in both the ventricular zone and the cerebellum and 
      apparently associated with glial cells and the other showing neuronal cell 
      expression and marked enrichment in midbrain/thalamic nuclei. These expression 
      patterns do not correlate with zebra finch-specific features such as vocal 
      learning. Nevertheless, our results show how ancient and conserved intracellular 
      signaling molecules can be co-opted, following duplication, thereby resulting in 
      lineage-specific functions, presumably affecting the zebra finch testis and 
      brain.
FAU - Kong, Lesheng
AU  - Kong L
AD  - Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, 
      Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
FAU - Lovell, Peter V
AU  - Lovell PV
FAU - Heger, Andreas
AU  - Heger A
FAU - Mello, Claudio V
AU  - Mello CV
FAU - Ponting, Chris P
AU  - Ponting CP
LA  - eng
GR  - BB/F007590/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
GR  - MC_U137761446/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - P30 NS061800/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R03 NS059755/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100317
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Evol
JT  - Molecular biology and evolution
JID - 8501455
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (p21-Activated Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Pim1 protein, Pichia pastoris)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Brain/cytology/enzymology
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Finches/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Fungal Proteins
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Male
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/classification/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - p21-Activated Kinases/chemistry/classification/*genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC3889628
EDAT- 2010/03/20 06:00
MHDA- 2010/10/26 06:00
PMCR- 2011/08/01
CRDT- 2010/03/19 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/03/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/10/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - msq080 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/molbev/msq080 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Aug;27(8):1923-34. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq080. Epub 2010 Mar 
      17.