PMID- 20350597
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100907
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1872-9738 (Electronic)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Print)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 4
DP  - 2010 Jul-Aug
TI  - Repeated exposures to low-level chlorpyrifos results in impairments in sustained 
      attention and increased impulsivity in rats.
PG  - 415-24
LID - 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.03.008 [doi]
AB  - Organophosphates such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) are among the most commonly used 
      pesticides in the world. Therefore, it is not surprising that measurable levels 
      of organophosphates (including CPF) are found in over 50% of fresh fruits, 
      vegetables and grains that we consume and that approximately 80% of adults in the 
      US have detectable levels of CPF metabolites in their urine. It is well known 
      that acute exposure to organophosphates can cause cognitive deficits; however, 
      the effects of daily or intermittent contact with low levels of organophosphates 
      (often reflective of environmental exposures) are not well understood. The 
      objective of this study was to determine if repeated low-level exposures to CPF 
      impaired the performance of the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5C-SRTT), an 
      animal model of sustained attention. Adult rats were trained to stably perform 
      the 5C-SRTT, then treated with vehicle or CPF 18.0 mg/kg daily for 14 consecutive 
      days or every other day for 30 days. Behavioral testing occurred daily during the 
      CPF-exposure period and throughout a 30 day washout period to assess recovery. 
      All CPF-treated animals exhibited deficits in percent correct, an increase in 
      omissions and premature responses without signs of impaired motivation or overt 
      toxicity. Deficits in 5C-SRTT accuracy were apparent well into the 30 day washout 
      period despite significant recovery of cholinesterase activity. These results 
      indicate that repeated exposures to relatively low levels of chlorpyrifos lead to 
      protracted impairments of sustained attention and an increase in impulsive 
      behaviors in rats.
CI  - Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Middlemore-Risher, M L
AU  - Middlemore-Risher ML
AD  - Program of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, College 
      of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
FAU - Buccafusco, J J
AU  - Buccafusco JJ
FAU - Terry, A V Jr
AU  - Terry AV Jr
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 ES012241/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES012241-07/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01-ES012241/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20100327
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotoxicol Teratol
JT  - Neurotoxicology and teratology
JID - 8709538
RN  - 0 (Cholinesterase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases)
RN  - JCS58I644W (Chlorpyrifos)
SB  - IM
CIN - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2010 Nov-Dec;32(6):648; author reply 649-50. PMID: 21056305
MH  - Animals
MH  - Attention/*drug effects
MH  - Brain/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Chlorpyrifos/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Cholinesterase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Cholinesterases/blood/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Impulsive Behavior/*chemically induced
MH  - Insecticides/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC2875297
MID - NIHMS192933
EDAT- 2010/03/31 06:00
MHDA- 2010/09/08 06:00
PMCR- 2011/07/01
CRDT- 2010/03/31 06:00
PHST- 2009/12/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/02/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/03/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/03/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/03/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/09/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0892-0362(10)00041-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.03.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2010 Jul-Aug;32(4):415-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.03.008. 
      Epub 2010 Mar 27.