PMID- 20351785
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100519
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1935-2735 (Electronic)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Print)
IS  - 1935-2727 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 3
DP  - 2010 Mar 23
TI  - Using recombinant proteins from Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva to estimate human 
      vector exposure in visceral Leishmaniasis endemic areas.
PG  - e649
LID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000649 [doi]
LID - e649
AB  - BACKGROUND: Leishmania is transmitted by female sand flies and deposited together 
      with saliva, which contains a vast repertoire of pharmacologically active 
      molecules that contribute to the establishment of the infection. The exposure to 
      vector saliva induces an immune response against its components that can be used 
      as a marker of exposure to the vector. Performing large-scale serological studies 
      to detect vector exposure has been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sand 
      fly saliva. Here, we validate the use of two sand fly salivary recombinant 
      proteins as markers for vector exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: ELISA 
      was used to screen human sera, collected in an area endemic for visceral 
      leishmaniasis, against the salivary gland sonicate (SGS) or two recombinant 
      proteins (rLJM11 and rLJM17) from Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva. Antibody levels 
      before and after SGS seroconversion (n = 26) were compared using the Wilcoxon 
      signed rank paired test. Human sera from an area endemic for VL which recognize 
      Lu. longipalpis saliva in ELISA also recognize a combination of rLJM17 and 
      rLJM11. We then extended the analysis to include 40 sera from individuals who 
      were seropositive and 40 seronegative to Lu. longipalpis SGS. Each recombinant 
      protein was able to detect anti-saliva seroconversion, whereas the two proteins 
      combined increased the detection significantly. Additionally, we evaluated the 
      specificity of the anti-Lu. longipalpis response by testing 40 sera positive to 
      Lutzomyia intermedia SGS, and very limited (2/40) cross-reactivity was observed. 
      Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the 
      effectiveness of these proteins for the prediction of anti-SGS positivity. These 
      ROC curves evidenced the superior performance of rLJM17+rLJM11. Predicted 
      threshold levels were confirmed for rLJM17+rLJM11 using a large panel of 1,077 
      serum samples. CONCLUSION: Our results show the possibility of substituting Lu. 
      longipalpis SGS for two recombinant proteins, LJM17 and LJM11, in order to probe 
      for vector exposure in individuals residing in endemic areas.
FAU - Souza, Ana Paula
AU  - Souza AP
AD  - Centro de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Salvador, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Andrade, Bruno Bezerril
AU  - Andrade BB
FAU - Aquino, Dorlene
AU  - Aquino D
FAU - Entringer, Petter
AU  - Entringer P
FAU - Miranda, Jose Carlos
AU  - Miranda JC
FAU - Alcantara, Ruan
AU  - Alcantara R
FAU - Ruiz, Daniel
AU  - Ruiz D
FAU - Soto, Manuel
AU  - Soto M
FAU - Teixeira, Clarissa R
AU  - Teixeira CR
FAU - Valenzuela, Jesus G
AU  - Valenzuela JG
FAU - de Oliveira, Camila Indiani
AU  - de Oliveira CI
FAU - Brodskyn, Claudia Ida
AU  - Brodskyn CI
FAU - Barral-Netto, Manoel
AU  - Barral-Netto M
FAU - Barral, Aldina
AU  - Barral A
LA  - eng
GR  - Intramural NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
DEP - 20100323
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis
JT  - PLoS neglected tropical diseases
JID - 101291488
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SB  - IM
CIN - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 4:e0000638.
MH  - Animals
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*epidemiology/transmission
MH  - Proteins/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Psychodidae/*immunology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/immunology
MH  - Saliva/*immunology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
PMC - PMC2843636
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2010/03/31 06:00
MHDA- 2010/05/21 06:00
PMCR- 2010/03/23
CRDT- 2010/03/31 06:00
PHST- 2009/10/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/03/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/03/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/05/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/03/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 09-PNTD-RA-0536R2 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000649 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Mar 23;4(3):e649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000649.