PMID- 20378481
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101202
LR  - 20100811
IS  - 1558-0210 (Electronic)
IS  - 1534-4320 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 4
DP  - 2010 Aug
TI  - Continuous detection and decoding of dexterous finger flexions with implantable 
      myoelectric sensors.
PG  - 424-32
LID - 10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047590 [doi]
AB  - A rhesus monkey was trained to perform individuated and combined finger flexions 
      of the thumb, index, and middle finger. Nine implantable myoelectric sensors 
      (IMES) were then surgically implanted into the finger muscles of the monkey's 
      forearm, without any adverse effects over two years postimplantation. Using an 
      inductive link, EMG was wirelessly recorded from the IMES as the monkey performed 
      a finger flexion task. The EMG from the different IMES implants showed very 
      little cross correlation. An offline parallel linear discriminant analysis (LDA) 
      based algorithm was used to decode finger activity based on features extracted 
      from continuously presented frames of recorded EMG. The offline parallel LDA was 
      run on intraday sessions as well as on sessions where the algorithm was trained 
      on one day and tested on following days. The performance of the algorithm was 
      evaluated continuously by comparing classification output by the algorithm to the 
      current state of the finger switches. The algorithm detected and classified seven 
      different finger movements, including individual and combined finger flexions, 
      and a no-movement state (chance performance = 12.5%) . When the algorithm was 
      trained and tested on data collected the same day, the average performance was 
      43.8+/-3.6% n=10. When the training-testing separation period was five months, 
      the average performance of the algorithm was 46.5+/-3.4% n=8. These results 
      demonstrated that using EMG recorded and wirelessly transmitted by IMES offers a 
      promising approach for providing intuitive, dexterous control of artificial limbs 
      where human patients have sufficient, functional residual muscle following 
      amputation.
FAU - Baker, Justin J
AU  - Baker JJ
AD  - Bioengineering Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84602, USA.
FAU - Scheme, Erik
AU  - Scheme E
FAU - Englehart, Kevin
AU  - Englehart K
FAU - Hutchinson, Douglas T
AU  - Hutchinson DT
FAU - Greger, Bradley
AU  - Greger B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100408
PL  - United States
TA  - IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng
JT  - IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a 
      publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
JID - 101097023
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Electrodes, Implanted
MH  - Electromyography/*instrumentation
MH  - Equipment Design
MH  - Fingers/*physiology
MH  - Macaca mulatta
MH  - Male
MH  - Movement/physiology
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Telemetry
EDAT- 2010/04/10 06:00
MHDA- 2010/12/14 06:00
CRDT- 2010/04/10 06:00
PHST- 2010/04/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/04/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/12/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047590 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2010 Aug;18(4):424-32. doi: 
      10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047590. Epub 2010 Apr 8.