PMID- 20382647
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100714
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1468-3318 (Electronic)
IS  - 0964-4563 (Print)
IS  - 0964-4563 (Linking)
VI  - 19 Suppl 1
IP  - Suppl_1
DP  - 2010 Apr
TI  - The quarter that changed the world.
PG  - i3-15
LID - 10.1136/tc.2009.030809 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The California Department of Public Health (CDPH), California Tobacco 
      Control Program (CTCP) is one of the longest-running comprehensive tobacco 
      control programmes in the USA, resulting from a 1988 ballot initiative that added 
      a 25-cent tax on each pack of cigarettes and a proportional tax increase on other 
      tobacco products. This programme used a social norm change approach to reduce 
      tobacco use. METHODS: The operation, structure, evolution, programme 
      dissemination and results are reviewed. RESULTS: The sustained programme 
      implementation has reduced adult per capita cigarette consumption by over 60% and 
      adult smoking prevalence by 35%, from 22.7% in 1988 to 13.8% in 2007. From 1988 
      to 2004, lung and bronchus cancer rates in California declined at nearly four 
      times the rate of decline seen in the rest of the USA and the programme is 
      associated with an $86 billion savings in healthcare costs. Youth smoking rates 
      among 12-17 years olds are the second lowest in the nation. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      social norm change approach is effective at reducing tobacco consumption, adult 
      smoking and youth uptake. This approach resulted in declines in tobacco-related 
      diseases and is associated with savings in healthcare expenditures. In 
      considering CTCP's effectiveness, the takeaway message is that it should be 
      viewed as a unified programme rather than a collection of independent 
      interventions. The programme was designed and implemented as one where the parts 
      complement and reinforce each other. Its effectiveness is dependent on its 
      comprehensive strategy rather than any one part of the intervention.
FAU - Roeseler, April
AU  - Roeseler A
AD  - California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Program, PO 
      Box 997377, MS 7206, Sacramento, CA 95899-7377, USA. april.roeseler@cdph.ca.gov
FAU - Burns, David
AU  - Burns D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Tob Control
JT  - Tobacco control
JID - 9209612
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Advertising
MH  - California/epidemiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Culture
MH  - Health Care Costs
MH  - Health Promotion/economics/methods/*organization & administration
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Program Evaluation/economics
MH  - Public Health Practice
MH  - Smoking/economics/*epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence/trends
MH  - Social Environment
MH  - Nicotiana
MH  - *Tobacco Industry/legislation & jurisprudence
MH  - Tobacco Use Cessation/economics/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Tobacco Use Disorder/economics/*prevention & control
PMC - PMC2976491
COIS- Competing interests: None.
EDAT- 2010/04/23 06:00
MHDA- 2010/07/16 06:00
PMCR- 2010/04/01
CRDT- 2010/04/13 06:00
PHST- 2010/04/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/04/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/07/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 19/Suppl_1/i3 [pii]
AID - tc030809 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/tc.2009.030809 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tob Control. 2010 Apr;19 Suppl 1(Suppl_1):i3-15. doi: 10.1136/tc.2009.030809.