PMID- 20429633
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100824
LR  - 20191111
IS  - 1210-0668 (Print)
IS  - 1210-0668 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 2
DP  - 2010 Apr
TI  - Mixture of dominant PBDE congeners (BDE-47, -99, -100 and -209) at levels noted 
      in human blood dramatically enhances progesterone secretion by ovarian follicles.
PG  - 49-55
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in 
      a wide variety of products. They show an accumulation pattern similar to that of 
      well-known persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls 
      (PCBs), DDT and others. So far, most of information showing adverse effects of 
      various POPs was based on the exposure to single chemicals. However, in this 
      study we intended to evaluate in vitro effect of the mixture of four most 
      abundant PBDE congeners (PBDE-47, -99, -100 and -209) as usually found in 
      wildlife and humans on the secretion of gonad hormones by ovarian follicles. 
      METHODS: Cocultures of theca and granulosa cells collected from medium size 
      follicles of cycling pigs were exposed for 24 or 48 h to three different levels 
      of respective PBDE congeners mixture: 1. low level (0.5; 0.25; 0.1; 0.05 ng/ml); 
      2. medium level (25; 10; 4.0; 0.25 ng/ml) and high level (50; 17.5; 12.5; 0.5 
      ng/ml). Additionally, to show if the effect on steroid secretion by ovarian 
      follicles is reversible, the cells were cultured for 24 h with the reagents and, 
      after the medium was exchanged, the cells were cultured without reagents for 
      additional 48 h. At the end of each culture procedure, progesterone (P4), 
      testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) secretion in the culture medium were 
      determined by ELISA. RESULTS: After short term exposure increased secretion of 
      all investigated steroids was noted only under the influence of small dose of 
      mixture. However, after longer time of exposure the stimulation of estradiol and 
      testosterone secretion was observed under the influence of both the low and 
      medium dose of mixture, while 3.0-, 6.8- and 7.2-fold increase in progesterone 
      secretion was noted under the influence of low, medium and high doses of mixture, 
      respectively. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings from this and previous 
      studies allow several interrelated conclusions to be drawn. First, the increase 
      of P4/T ratio with a parallel decrease of T/E2 ratio was found suggesting preterm 
      luteinization in antral follicles followed by the disruption of ovulation and, 
      second, it was not possible to reverse the steroidogenic effects of PBDEs mixture 
      by removing reagents from the cell cultures.
FAU - Karpeta, A
AU  - Karpeta A
AD  - Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, 
      Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
FAU - Gregoraszczuk, E
AU  - Gregoraszczuk E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Germany
TA  - Endocr Regul
JT  - Endocrine regulations
JID - 9112018
RN  - 0 (2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether)
RN  - 0 (Complex Mixtures)
RN  - 0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100)
RN  - 0N97R5X10X (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
RN  - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol)
RN  - N80BQ29A0H (decabromobiphenyl ether)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Coculture Techniques
MH  - Complex Mixtures
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Endocrine Disruptors/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Estradiol/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Flame Retardants/*toxicity
MH  - Granulosa Cells/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Polybrominated Biphenyls/blood/*toxicity
MH  - Progesterone/*metabolism
MH  - Swine
MH  - Testosterone/metabolism
MH  - Theca Cells/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2010/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2010/08/25 06:00
CRDT- 2010/05/01 06:00
PHST- 2010/05/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/08/25 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.4149/endo_2010_02_49 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Endocr Regul. 2010 Apr;44(2):49-55. doi: 10.4149/endo_2010_02_49.