PMID- 20459798
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101019
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1472-6882 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-6882 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2010 May 11
TI  - Protection against LPS-induced cartilage inflammation and degradation provided by 
      a biological extract of Mentha spicata.
PG  - 19
LID - 10.1186/1472-6882-10-19 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: A variety of mint [Mentha spicata] has been bred which over-expresses 
      Rosmarinic acid (RA) by approximately 20-fold. RA has demonstrated significant 
      anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in small rodents; thus it was 
      hypothesized that this plant would demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory 
      activity in vitro. The objectives of this study were: a) to develop an in vitro 
      extraction procedure which mimics digestion and hepatic metabolism, b) to compare 
      anti-inflammatory properties of High-Rosmarinic-Acid Mentha spicata (HRAM) with 
      wild-type control M. spicata (CM), and c) to quantify the relative contributions 
      of RA and three of its hepatic metabolites [ferulic acid (FA), caffeic acid (CA), 
      coumaric acid (CO)] to anti-inflammatory activity of HRAM. METHODS: HRAM and CM 
      were incubated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid, liver microsomes (from 
      male rat) and NADPH. Concentrations of RA, CA, CO, and FA in simulated digest of 
      HRAM (HRAMsim) and CM (CMsim) were determined (HPLC) and compared with 
      concentrations in aqueous extracts of HRAM and CM. Cartilage explants (porcine) 
      were cultured with LPS (0 or 3 microg/mL) and test article [HRAMsim (0, 8, 40, 
      80, 240, or 400 microg/mL), or CMsim (0, 1, 5 or 10 mg/mL), or RA (0.640 
      microg/mL), or CA (0.384 microg/mL), or CO (0.057 microg/mL) or FA (0.038 
      microg/mL)] for 96 h. Media samples were analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 
      interleukin 1beta (IL-1), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), nitric oxide (NO) and cell 
      viability (differential live-dead cell staining). RESULTS: RA concentration of 
      HRAMsim and CMsim was 49.3 and 0.4 microg/mL, respectively. CA, FA and CO were 
      identified in HRAMsim but not in aqueous extract of HRAM. HRAMsim (> or = 8 
      microg/mL) inhibited LPS-induced PGE2 and NO; HRAMsim (> or = 80 microg/mL) 
      inhibited LPS-induced GAG release. RA inhibited LPS-induced GAG release. No 
      anti-inflammatory or chondroprotective effects of RA metabolites on cartilage 
      explants were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our biological extraction procedure 
      produces a substance which is similar in composition to post-hepatic products. 
      HRAMsim is an effective inhibitor of LPS-induced inflammation in cartilage 
      explants, and effects are primarily independent of RA. Further research is needed 
      to identify bioactive phytochemical(s) in HRAMsim.
FAU - Pearson, Wendy
AU  - Pearson W
AD  - Dept Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 
      wpearson@ovc.uoguelph.ca
FAU - Fletcher, Ronald S
AU  - Fletcher RS
FAU - Kott, Laima S
AU  - Kott LS
FAU - Hurtig, Mark B
AU  - Hurtig MB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100511
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Complement Altern Med
JT  - BMC complementary and alternative medicine
JID - 101088661
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
RN  - 0 (Caffeic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Cinnamates)
RN  - 0 (Coumaric Acids)
RN  - 0 (Depsides)
RN  - 0 (Glycosaminoglycans)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (glucosaminoglycans)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 53-59-8 (NADP)
RN  - AVM951ZWST (ferulic acid)
RN  - K7Q1JQR04M (Dinoprostone)
RN  - U2S3A33KVM (caffeic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/analysis/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Breeding
MH  - Caffeic Acids/pharmacology
MH  - Cartilage/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Cinnamates/analysis/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Coumaric Acids/pharmacology
MH  - Depsides/analysis/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Digestion
MH  - Dinoprostone/metabolism
MH  - Gastric Juice
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Glycosaminoglycans/*metabolism
MH  - Inflammation/chemically induced/metabolism/*prevention & control
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides
MH  - Liver/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Mentha spicata/*chemistry/genetics
MH  - Microsomes/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - NADP
MH  - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
MH  - Plant Extracts/analysis/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Seeds
MH  - Swine
MH  - Rosmarinic Acid
PMC - PMC2874512
EDAT- 2010/05/13 06:00
MHDA- 2010/10/20 06:00
PMCR- 2010/05/11
CRDT- 2010/05/13 06:00
PHST- 2009/12/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/05/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/05/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/05/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/10/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2010/05/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1472-6882-10-19 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1472-6882-10-19 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010 May 11;10:19. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-19.