PMID- 20560753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20100922
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 1557-9042 (Electronic)
IS  - 0897-7151 (Print)
IS  - 0897-7151 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 6
DP  - 2010 Jun
TI  - Physiological and pathological responses to head rotations in toddler piglets.
PG  - 1021-35
LID - 10.1089/neu.2009.1212 [doi]
AB  - Closed head injury is the leading cause of death in children less than 4 years of 
      age, and is thought to be caused in part by rotational inertial motion of the 
      brain. Injury patterns associated with inertial rotations are not well understood 
      in the pediatric population. To characterize the physiological and pathological 
      responses of the immature brain to inertial forces and their relationship to 
      neurological development, toddler-age (4-week-old) piglets were subjected to a 
      single non-impact head rotation at either low (31.6 +/- 4.7 rad/sec(2), n = 4) or 
      moderate (61.0 +/- 7.5 rad/sec(2), n = 6) angular acceleration in the axial 
      direction. Graded outcomes were observed for both physiological and 
      histopathological responses such that increasing angular acceleration and 
      velocity produced more severe responses. Unlike low-acceleration rotations, 
      moderate-acceleration rotations produced marked EEG amplitude suppression 
      immediately post-injury, which remained suppressed for the 6-h survival period. 
      In addition, significantly more severe subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemia, and 
      axonal injury by beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) were observed in 
      moderate-acceleration animals than low-acceleration animals. When compared to 
      infant-age (5-day-old) animals subjected to similar (54.1 +/- 9.6 rad/sec(2)) 
      acceleration rotations, 4-week-old moderate-acceleration animals sustained 
      similar severities of subarachnoid hemorrhage and axonal injury at 6 h 
      post-injury, despite the larger, softer brain in the older piglets. We conclude 
      that the traditional mechanical engineering approach of scaling by brain mass and 
      stiffness cannot explain the vulnerability of the infant brain to 
      acceleration-deceleration movements, compared with the toddler.
FAU - Ibrahim, Nicole G
AU  - Ibrahim NG
AD  - Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 
      Pennsylvania 19104-6321, USA.
FAU - Ralston, Jill
AU  - Ralston J
FAU - Smith, Colin
AU  - Smith C
FAU - Margulies, Susan S
AU  - Margulies SS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurotrauma
JT  - Journal of neurotrauma
JID - 8811626
SB  - IM
MH  - Acceleration
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain Injuries/*pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Electroencephalography
MH  - Female
MH  - Head Injuries, Closed/*pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Head Movements/physiology
MH  - *Rotation
MH  - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Swine
PMC - PMC2943503
EDAT- 2010/06/22 06:00
MHDA- 2010/09/24 06:00
PMCR- 2011/06/01
CRDT- 2010/06/22 06:00
PHST- 2010/06/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/06/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/09/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1089/neu.2009.1212 [pii]
AID - 10.1089/neu.2009.1212 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurotrauma. 2010 Jun;27(6):1021-35. doi: 10.1089/neu.2009.1212.