PMID- 20570128
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110926
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1873-4022 (Electronic)
IS  - 1873-4022 (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Summer
TI  - Dosimetric analysis of respiratory-gated radiotherapy for hepatocellular 
      carcinoma.
PG  - 213-8
LID - 10.1016/j.meddos.2010.03.006 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define individualized internal target volume 
      (ITV) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using 4D computed tomography (4DCT), and 
      to determine the geometric and dosimetric benefits of respiratory gating. Gross 
      tumor volumes (GTVs) were contoured on 10 respiratory phases of 4DCT images for 
      12 patients with HCC. Three treatment plans were prepared using different 
      planning target volumes (PTVs): (1) PTV(3D), derived from a single helical 
      clinical target volume (CTV) plus conventional margins; (2) PTV(10 phases), 
      derived from ITV(10 phases), which encompassed all 10 CTVs plus an isotropic 
      margin of 0.8 cm; (3) PTV(gating), derived from ITV(gating), which encompassed 
      three CTVs within gating-window at end-expiration plus an isotropic margin of 0.8 
      cm. The PTV(3D) was the largest volume for all patients. The ITV-based plans and 
      gating plans spared more normal tissues than 3D plans, especially the liver. 
      Without increasing normal tissue complication probability of the 3D plans, the 
      ITV-based plans allowed for increasing the calculated dose from 50.8 Gy to 54.7 
      Gy on average, and the gating plans could further escalate the dose to 58.5 Gy. 
      Compared with ITV-based plans, the dosimetric gains with gating plan strongly 
      correlated with GTV mobility in the craniocaudal direction. The ITV-based plans 
      can ensure target coverage with less irradiation of normal tissues compared with 
      3D plans. Respiratory-gated radiotherapy can further reduce the target volumes to 
      spare more surrounding tissues and allow dose escalation, especially for patients 
      with tumor mobility >1 cm.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 American Association of Medical Dosimetrists. Published by 
      Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Xi, Mian
AU  - Xi M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; and Department of Radiation 
      Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Zhang, Li
AU  - Zhang L
FAU - Liu, Meng-Zhong
AU  - Liu MZ
FAU - Deng, Xiao-Wu
AU  - Deng XW
FAU - Huang, Xiao-Yan
AU  - Huang XY
FAU - Liu, Hui
AU  - Liu H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20100601
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Dosim
JT  - Medical dosimetry : official journal of the American Association of Medical 
      Dosimetrists
JID - 8908862
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*diagnostic imaging/*radiotherapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/*radiotherapy
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Radiometry/methods
MH  - Radiotherapy Dosage
MH  - Radiotherapy, Conformal/*methods
MH  - Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques/*methods
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2010/06/24 06:00
MHDA- 2011/09/29 06:00
CRDT- 2010/06/24 06:00
PHST- 2009/05/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/02/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/06/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/06/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/09/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0958-3947(10)00033-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.meddos.2010.03.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Dosim. 2011 Summer;36(2):213-8. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2010.03.006. Epub 2010 
      Jun 1.