PMID- 20607616
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110316
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Feb
TI  - Source apportionment of the ionic components in precipitation over an urban 
      region in Western India.
PG  - 212-25
LID - 10.1007/s11356-010-0365-4 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Inorganic ion concentrations in event-based wet-only precipitation 
      samples collected during the south-west (SW) monsoon at an urban location in 
      Western India, Ahmedabad between July 2000 and September 2002 were measured by 
      Rastogi and Sarin (2007). METHODS: For the first time at a location in India, an 
      advanced factor analysis model was retrospectively applied to the measured 
      concentrations of ions (Rastogi and Sarin 2007) in precipitation for source 
      apportionment. Positive matrix factorization resolved five factors, including 
      crustal material, sea salt, nitrate/sulfate-rich factor, ammonium-rich factor, 
      and free acidity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Amongst the model-resolved factors, 
      crustal material was the highest contributor to the total dissolved solids (TDS) 
      accounting for 44.1% on average. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) 
      analysis identified source locations along the eastern coast of Somalia, Yemen, 
      Oman, and the United Arab Emirates for this factor. Sea salt was the second 
      highest contributor accounting for 29.8%. The potential source regions of this 
      factor were also identified in the Arabian Sea and the southern Indian Ocean 
      along the coast of Africa, and the Arabian Gulf. This study also examined the 
      spatial relationships between the source locations of chemical species in 
      precipitation and in ambient aerosol (resolved in an earlier study). CONCLUSIONS: 
      Crustal material was the highest contributor to TDS at the study location. 
      Spatial relationships between aerosol and precipitation factor source regions 
      suggested that below-cloud scavenging of aerosol particles was a likely 
      contributor to the chemical species apportioned to various precipitation factors. 
      Additionally, source types of chemical species in precipitation resolved in this 
      study were qualitatively compared with those identified at other locations in 
      India. The comparison showed that soil was an important contributor to the 
      dissolved mass of chemical species in precipitation at all locations in India.
FAU - Raman, Ramya Sunder
AU  - Raman RS
AD  - Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, 
      Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India. ramyasr@iiserbhopal.ac.in
FAU - Ramachandran, S
AU  - Ramachandran S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20100707
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Inorganic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (Nitrogen Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Sulfur Compounds)
SB  - IM
MH  - Africa, Eastern
MH  - Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry
MH  - *Cities
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollution/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - India
MH  - Indian Ocean
MH  - Inorganic Chemicals/*analysis/chemistry
MH  - Metals/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Middle East
MH  - Models, Statistical
MH  - Nitrogen Compounds/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Rain/*chemistry
MH  - Salinity
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Soil/analysis
MH  - Sulfur Compounds/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Wind
EDAT- 2010/07/08 06:00
MHDA- 2011/03/17 06:00
CRDT- 2010/07/08 06:00
PHST- 2010/01/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/06/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/07/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/07/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/03/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-010-0365-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 Feb;18(2):212-25. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-010-0365-4. Epub 2010 Jul 7.