PMID- 20638448
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110120
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1873-7544 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Print)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 170
IP  - 2
DP  - 2010 Oct 13
TI  - External incentives and internal states guide goal-directed behavior via the 
      differential recruitment of the nucleus accumbens and the medial prefrontal 
      cortex.
PG  - 468-77
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.002 [doi]
AB  - Goal-directed behavior is governed by internal physiological states and external 
      incentives present in the environment (e.g. hunger and food). While the role of 
      the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system in behavior guided by environmental 
      incentives has been well studied, the effect of relevant physiological states on 
      the function of this system is less understood. The current study examined the 
      role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in 
      the kind of food-reinforced behaviors known to be sensitive to the internal state 
      produced by food deprivation conditions. Operant lever-press reinforced on fixed 
      ratio 1 (FR1) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules was tested after temporary 
      inactivation of, or DA receptor blockade in, the prelimbic mPFC or NAcc core of 
      rats with differing levels of food deprivation (0, 12 and 36-h). Food deprivation 
      increased PR breakpoints, as well as the number of lever-presses emitted on the 
      FR1 schedule. Both temporary inactivation and DA blockade of NAcc reduced 
      breakpoints across deprivation conditions, while temporary inactivation and DA 
      blockade of mPFC reduced breakpoints only in food-deprived rats. Neither 
      manipulation of mPFC and NAcc had any effect on behavior reinforced on the FR1 
      schedule. Thus, mPFC and NAcc were differentially relevant to the behaviors 
      tested-NAcc was recruited when the behavioral cost per reinforcer was rising or 
      high regardless of food deprivation conditions, while mPFC was recruited when 
      food-deprived animals behaved through periods of sparse reinforcement density in 
      order to maximize available gain.
CI  - Copyright 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Moscarello, J M
AU  - Moscarello JM
AD  - Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of 
      California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA.
FAU - Ben-Shahar, O
AU  - Ben-Shahar O
FAU - Ettenberg, A
AU  - Ettenberg A
LA  - eng
GR  - R56 DA005041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01-DA05041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 DA005041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F31-DA024505/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F31 DA024505/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20100716
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
RN  - 0 (GABA-A Receptor Agonists)
RN  - 0 (GABA-B Receptor Agonists)
RN  - 2763-96-4 (Muscimol)
RN  - FA0UYH6QUO (Flupenthixol)
RN  - H789N3FKE8 (Baclofen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Baclofen/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Conditioning, Operant/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Dopamine Antagonists/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Drug Combinations
MH  - Flupenthixol/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Food Deprivation/*physiology
MH  - GABA-A Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - GABA-B Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Male
MH  - Microinjections
MH  - Motivation/*drug effects
MH  - Muscimol/administration & dosage/pharmacology
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Reinforcement Schedule
PMC - PMC2933310
MID - NIHMS223998
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GABA agonists
OT  - food deprivation
OT  - food-reinforced responding
OT  - mesolimbic dopamine
OT  - motivation
OT  - operant behavior
EDAT- 2010/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2011/01/21 06:00
PMCR- 2011/10/13
CRDT- 2010/07/20 06:00
PHST- 2010/04/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/07/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/07/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/07/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/10/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0306-4522(10)00956-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2010 Oct 13;170(2):468-77. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.002. 
      Epub 2010 Jul 16.