PMID- 20650668
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110107
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1532-2165 (Electronic)
IS  - 1078-5884 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 6
DP  - 2010 Dec
TI  - The efficacy of a new stimulation technology to increase venous flow and prevent 
      venous stasis.
PG  - 766-71
LID - 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.06.019 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Electrical stimulation of calf muscles has been shown to be effective 
      in prevention of DVT. The aim was to determine: (a) dependence of venous blood 
      velocity and ejected volume on the rates of stimulated calf contractions: (b) 
      clinical factors affecting efficacy in healthy individuals. METHODS: The maximum 
      intensity stimulus tolerated was applied to calves of 24 volunteers. In popliteal 
      veins, peak systolic velocities (PSV), ejected volume per individual stimulus 
      (stroke volume SV) and ejected total volume flow per minute (TVF) of expelled 
      blood were determined using ultrasound. Stimulation rates from 2 to 120 beats per 
      minute (bpm) were applied. RESULTS: Mean baseline popliteal PSV was 10 cm/s. For 
      stimulation rates between 2 and 8 bpm, the PSV was 10 times higher and reached 
      96-105 cm/s. Stroke volume (SV) per individual stimulus decreased in a similar 
      fashion. With increasing rates of stimulation the TVF increased by a factor of 12 
      times (from 20 ml/min to 240 ml/min). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation is an 
      effective method of activating the calf muscle pump. Enhancements of popliteal 
      blood velocity and volume flow are key factors in the prevention of venous stasis 
      and DVT. Further studies are justified to determine the stimulation rates in 
      those with a compromised venous system.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier 
      Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Griffin, M
AU  - Griffin M
AD  - The Vascular Noninvasive Screening and Diagnostic Centre, 30 Weymouth Street, 
      London W1G 7BS, UK. maurabgriffin@googlemail.com
FAU - Nicolaides, A N
AU  - Nicolaides AN
FAU - Bond, D
AU  - Bond D
FAU - Geroulakos, G
AU  - Geroulakos G
FAU - Kalodiki, E
AU  - Kalodiki E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100722
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg
JT  - European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of 
      the European Society for Vascular Surgery
JID - 9512728
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Blood Flow Velocity
MH  - *Electric Stimulation Therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leg
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Muscle Contraction
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*blood supply/*innervation
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Popliteal Vein/diagnostic imaging/*physiology
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Regional Blood Flow
MH  - Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
MH  - Venous Thrombosis/physiopathology/*prevention & control
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2010/07/24 06:00
MHDA- 2011/01/08 06:00
CRDT- 2010/07/24 06:00
PHST- 2010/04/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/06/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/07/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/07/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1078-5884(10)00401-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.06.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010 Dec;40(6):766-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.06.019. 
      Epub 2010 Jul 22.