PMID- 2065887
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19910815
LR  - 20190516
IS  - 0892-6638 (Print)
IS  - 0892-6638 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 10
DP  - 1991 Jul
TI  - HIV-1, macrophages, glial cells, and cytokines in AIDS nervous system disease.
PG  - 2391-7
AB  - Hallmarks of central nervous system (CNS) disease in AIDS patients are headaches, 
      fever, subtle cognitive changes, abnormal reflexes, and ataxia. Dementia and 
      severe sensory and motor dysfunction characterize more severe disease. 
      Autoimmune-like peripheral neuropathies, cerebrovascular disease, and brain 
      tumors are also observed. Histological changes include inflammation, 
      astrocytosis, microglial nodule formation, and diffuse de- or dysmyelination. 
      Focal demyelination can also be seen. It is clear that AIDS-associated 
      neurological diseases are correlated with greater levels of HIV-1 antigen or 
      genome in tissues. In AIDS dementia, macrophages and microglial cells of the CNS 
      are the predominant cell types infected and producing HIV-1. However, 
      manifestations of the disease make it unlikely that direct infection by HIV-1 is 
      responsible. It seems more likely that the effects are mediated through secretion 
      of viral proteins or viral induction of cytokines that bind to glial cells and 
      neurons. HIV-1 induction of such cytokines as interleukin 1 (IL 1) and tumor 
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) may lead to an autocrine feedback loop 
      involving further productive virus replication and induction of other cytokines 
      such as interleukin 6 (IL 6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 
      (GMCSF). Interleukin 1 and TNF alpha in combination with IL 6 and GMCSF could 
      account for many clinical and histopathological findings in AIDS nervous system 
      diseases. As HIV-1 infected patients produce elevated levels of IL 1, TNF alpha, 
      and IL 6, it will be important to make a formal connection between the presence 
      of these factors in the CNS, which are all products of activated macrophages, 
      astroglia, and microglia, their in vivo induction directly by virus or indirectly 
      by virus-induced intermediates, and the clinical and pathological conditions seen 
      in the nervous system in this disease.
FAU - Merrill, J E
AU  - Merrill JE
AD  - Department of Neurology, University of California, School of Medicine, Los 
      Angeles 90024.
FAU - Chen, I S
AU  - Chen IS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - FASEB J
JT  - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for 
      Experimental Biology
JID - 8804484
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS Dementia Complex/etiology/pathology
MH  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/pathology
MH  - Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology/pathology
MH  - HIV-1/immunology/*pathogenicity
MH  - Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
MH  - Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
MH  - Macrophages/metabolism/*microbiology
MH  - Nervous System Diseases/*etiology/pathology
MH  - Neuroglia/metabolism/*microbiology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
RF  - 103
EDAT- 1991/07/01 00:00
MHDA- 1991/07/01 00:01
CRDT- 1991/07/01 00:00
PHST- 1991/07/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1991/07/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1991/07/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1096/fasebj.5.10.2065887 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - FASEB J. 1991 Jul;5(10):2391-7. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.5.10.2065887.