PMID- 20704229
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101116
LR  - 20100813
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 16
DP  - 2010 Aug 15
TI  - Estimation of daily intake of organohalogenated contaminants from food 
      consumption and indoor dust ingestion in Romania.
PG  - 6297-304
LID - 10.1021/es101233z [doi]
AB  - We estimated human exposure to organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs), including 
      organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDT and 
      metabolites, hexachlorobenzene, and chlordanes, but also polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and 
      hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), through food consumption (mainly food of animal 
      origin) and indoor dust ingestion in Romania. A total of 71 food samples (meat, 
      diary products, vegetable cooking oil, and eggs from urban supermarkets and rural 
      areas) and 18 indoor dust samples were collected from Iasi, Eastern Romania. HCHs 
      and DDTs were the most prevalent OCPs in both food and dust samples. Higher 
      levels of OCPs were measured in food samples collected from rural areas compared 
      to those from urban supermarkets, except milk-based products for which no 
      significant differences could be recorded. However, levels of contamination with 
      HCHs in milk-based products were occasionally higher than current European 
      maximum residue levels (MRLs). Above-MRL levels of DDTs were also recorded in 
      eggs from rural areas. In dust, DDTs (median concentration of 1050 ng/g) were the 
      most prevalent contaminants and p,p'-DDT was consistently the main contributor of 
      sum DDTs, with a contribution between 50 and 75%. Surprisingly, OCPs, mainly DDT, 
      were found at elevated levels in indoor dust samples (median concentrations for 
      sum OCPs of 1200 ng/g dust). This suggests the importance of dust as an exposure 
      route for pesticides (especially at contaminated sites), since dust is not 
      commonly considered in exposure assessments for these chemicals. The main 
      contributor to the sum PBDEs in dust samples was BDE 209 (median concentration of 
      495 ng/g), with a contribution between 94 and 99%. We estimated that the dietary 
      intake of SigmaHCHs and SigmaDDTs is high for both adults (1500-2100 ng/day) and 
      toddlers (1100-1500 ng/day), while the PCB dietary intake was estimated at 200 
      ng/day for adults, being compared to other European studies. The contribution of 
      dust ingestion to the daily intake of PBDEs is increased in comparison to intake 
      of other chlorinated contaminants, while food consumption seems to be more 
      important than dust for the HBCD intake. However, neither BDE 209 nor HBCD were 
      measured at levels above method LOQ in any food samples and their dietary intake 
      is probably overestimated because nondetects were replaced by (1)/(2) LOQ. The 
      estimated intakes obtained in the present study are in good agreement with the 
      higher concentrations of OCPs and the low levels of PBDEs reported recently in 
      Romanian human samples.
FAU - Dirtu, Alin C
AU  - Dirtu AC
AD  - Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of 
      Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. alin.dirtu@chem.uaic.ro
FAU - Covaci, Adrian
AU  - Covaci A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis
MH  - Dust/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Feeding Behavior/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Infant
MH  - Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Romania
EDAT- 2010/08/14 06:00
MHDA- 2010/11/17 06:00
CRDT- 2010/08/14 06:00
PHST- 2010/08/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/08/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/11/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es101233z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Aug 15;44(16):6297-304. doi: 10.1021/es101233z.