PMID- 20708742
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110614
LR  - 20101227
IS  - 1532-3129 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9975 (Linking)
VI  - 144
IP  - 1
DP  - 2011 Jan
TI  - Experimental infection of turkeys and chickens with a clonal strain of 
      Tetratrichomonas gallinarum induces a latent infection in the absence of clinical 
      signs and lesions.
PG  - 55-62
LID - 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.06.002 [doi]
AB  - The pathogenicity of a mono-eukaryotic culture of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in 
      specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and turkeys was studied. Two experiments of 
      identical design were performed: the first with SPF chickens and the second with 
      commercial turkeys. Each experiment included three groups. Groups 1 and 2 each 
      contained 12 infected and three in-contact birds. The birds in these groups were 
      infected on the first day of life, either cloacally (group 1) or orally (group 
      2). Group 3 consisted of four control birds. Re-isolation of the parasite from 
      cloacal swabs was performed to verify the excretion of T. gallinarum. The 
      infected birds excreted trichomonads from the second day post-infection. Spread 
      of the flagellate from infected to in-contact birds was detected after 5 days 
      post-infection (dpi), based on the re-isolation of the protozoa. No clinical 
      signs or deaths were recorded in chickens or turkeys. Three birds were killed at 
      4, 8, 14 and 21dpi and various tissues were collected for pathological 
      examination. No gross lesions were noted. Protozoal DNA was demonstrated in the 
      oesophagus, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, liver, lung, bursa of Fabricius and brain 
      by polymerase chain reaction and in-situ hybridization. No antibodies were 
      detected in the serum of infected birds by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. 
      Microscopical changes were only present in the caecum, where there was sloughing 
      of the epithelium associated with the presence of numerous flagellates on the 
      epithelial surface, within the crypts of Lieberkuhn and in the lamina propria. 
      These changes were found in caecal samples from infected and in-contact birds. 
      These studies have demonstrated the rapid transmission of T. gallinarum between 
      both turkeys and chickens and the establishment of a latent infection in both 
      species.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Amin, A
AU  - Amin A
AD  - Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and 
      Veterinary Public Health, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Liebhart, D
AU  - Liebhart D
FAU - Weissenbock, H
AU  - Weissenbock H
FAU - Hess, M
AU  - Hess M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20100813
PL  - England
TA  - J Comp Pathol
JT  - Journal of comparative pathology
JID - 0102444
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chickens/*parasitology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Poultry Diseases/parasitology/*pathology/transmission
MH  - Protozoan Infections, Animal/parasitology/*pathology/transmission
MH  - Trichomonadida/*physiology
MH  - Turkeys/*parasitology
EDAT- 2010/08/17 06:00
MHDA- 2011/06/15 06:00
CRDT- 2010/08/17 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/04/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/06/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/08/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/08/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/06/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9975(10)00096-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.06.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Comp Pathol. 2011 Jan;144(1):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.06.002. Epub 2010 
      Aug 13.