PMID- 20713055
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110805
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1095-6867 (Electronic)
IS  - 0018-506X (Print)
IS  - 0018-506X (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 3
DP  - 2011 Mar
TI  - Estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression in the cortex: sex differences during 
      development and in adulthood.
PG  - 353-7
LID - 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.08.004 [doi]
AB  - 17beta-estradiol is a hormone with far-reaching organizational, activational and 
      protective actions in both male and female brains. The organizational effects of 
      early estrogen exposure are essential for long-lasting behavioral and cognitive 
      functions. Estradiol mediates many of its effects through the intracellular 
      receptors, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta). In the 
      rodent cerebral cortex, estrogen receptor expression is high early in postnatal 
      life and declines dramatically as the animal approaches puberty. This decline is 
      accompanied by decreased expression of ERalpha mRNA. This change in expression is the 
      same in both males and females in the developing isocortex and hippocampus. An 
      understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of estrogen 
      receptor alpha (ERalpha) gene expression is critical for understanding the 
      developmental, as well as changes in postpubertal expression of the estrogen 
      receptor. One mechanism of suppressing gene expression is by the epigenetic 
      modification of the promoter regions by DNA methylation that results in gene 
      silencing. The decrease in ERalpha mRNA expression during development is accompanied 
      by an increase in promoter methylation. Another example of regulation of ERalpha gene 
      expression in the adult cortex is the changes that occur following neuronal 
      injury. Many animal studies have demonstrated that the endogenous estrogen, 
      17beta-estradiol, is neuroprotective. Specifically, low levels of estradiol protect 
      the cortex from neuronal death following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 
      In females, this protection is mediated through an ERalpha-dependent mechanism. ERalpha 
      expression is rapidly increased following MCAO in females, but not in males. This 
      increase is accompanied by a decrease in methylation of the promoter suggesting a 
      return to the developmental program of gene expression within neurons. Taken 
      together, during development and in adulthood, regulation of ERalpha gene expression 
      in the cortex can occur by DNA methylation and in a sex-dependent fashion in the 
      adult brain.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wilson, Melinda E
AU  - Wilson ME
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 
      KY 40536, USA. melinda.wilson@uky.edu
FAU - Westberry, Jenne M
AU  - Westberry JM
FAU - Trout, Amanda L
AU  - Trout AL
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL073693-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR015592-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR15592/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 RR015592/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 HL073693/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Review
DEP - 20100814
PL  - United States
TA  - Horm Behav
JT  - Hormones and behavior
JID - 0217764
RN  - 0 (Estrogen Receptor alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism
MH  - Critical Period, Psychological
MH  - DNA Methylation
MH  - Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - Estrogen Receptor alpha/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Rats
MH  - *Sex Characteristics
PMC - PMC3016448
MID - NIHMS236671
EDAT- 2010/08/18 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/06 06:00
PMCR- 2012/03/01
CRDT- 2010/08/18 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/08/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/08/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/08/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0018-506X(10)00214-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.08.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Horm Behav. 2011 Mar;59(3):353-7. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.08.004. Epub 2010 Aug 
      14.