PMID- 20718805
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110211
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1475-097X (Electronic)
IS  - 1475-0961 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 6
DP  - 2010 Nov
TI  - Successive deep dives impair endothelial function and enhance oxidative stress in 
      man.
PG  - 432-8
LID - 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00962.x [doi]
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the effects of successive deep dives on 
      endothelial function of large conduit arteries and plasma pro-oxidant and 
      antioxidant activity. Seven experienced divers performed six dives in six 
      consecutive days using a compressed mixture of oxygen, helium and nitrogen 
      (trimix) with diving depths ranging from 55 to 80 m. Before and after first, 
      third and sixth dive, venous gas emboli formation and brachial artery function 
      (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) was assessed by ultrasound. In addition, plasma 
      antioxidant capacity (AOC) was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 
      the level of oxidative stress was assessed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive 
      substances (TBARS) method. Although the FMD was reduced to a similar extent after 
      each dive, the comparison of predive FMD showed a reduction from 8.6% recorded 
      before the first dive to 6.3% before the third (P = 0.03) and 5.7% before the 
      sixth dive (P = 0.003). A gradual shift in baseline was also detected with TBARS 
      assay, with malondialdehyde values increasing from 0.10 +/- 0.02 mumol l(-)(1) before 
      the first dive to 0.16 +/- 0.03 before the sixth (P = 0.005). Predive plasma AOC 
      values also showed a decreasing trend from 0.67 +/- 0.20 mmol l(-)(1) trolox 
      equivalents (first day) to 0.56 +/- 0.12 (sixth day), although statistical 
      significance was not reached (P = 0.08). This is the first documentation of acute 
      endothelial dysfunction in the large conduit arteries occurring after successive 
      deep trimix dives. Both endothelial function and plasma pro-oxidant and 
      antioxidant activity did not return to baseline during the course of repetitive 
      dives, indicating possible cumulative and longer lasting detrimental effects.
CI  - (c) 2010 The Authors. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging (c) 2010 
      Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine.
FAU - Obad, Ante
AU  - Obad A
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 
      Split, Croatia.
FAU - Marinovic, Jasna
AU  - Marinovic J
FAU - Ljubkovic, Marko
AU  - Ljubkovic M
FAU - Breskovic, Toni
AU  - Breskovic T
FAU - Modun, Darko
AU  - Modun D
FAU - Boban, Mladen
AU  - Boban M
FAU - Dujic, Zeljko
AU  - Dujic Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20100815
PL  - England
TA  - Clin Physiol Funct Imaging
JT  - Clinical physiology and functional imaging
JID - 101137604
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances)
RN  - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Croatia
MH  - Diving/*adverse effects
MH  - Embolism, Air/diagnostic imaging/etiology
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Malondialdehyde/blood
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - Recovery of Function
MH  - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Ultrasonography
MH  - *Vasodilation
EDAT- 2010/08/20 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/12 06:00
CRDT- 2010/08/20 06:00
PHST- 2010/08/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/08/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - CPF962 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00962.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2010 Nov;30(6):432-8. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00962.x. Epub 2010 Aug 15.