PMID- 20810001
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110804
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1469-8978 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-2917 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 5
DP  - 2011 May
TI  - Relationship between cognitive functioning and 6-month clinical and functional 
      outcome in patients with first manic episode bipolar I disorder.
PG  - 971-82
LID - 10.1017/S0033291710001613 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder have been associated 
      with diminished functional outcome, this relationship has been studied primarily 
      through cross-sectional designs, and has not been studied in patients early in 
      the course of illness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of 
      cognitive functioning on longitudinal 6-month functional and clinical outcome in 
      recently diagnosed clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder. METHOD: A 
      total of 53 recently diagnosed patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder type I were 
      assessed within 3 months of their first manic episode using a neuropsychological 
      battery measuring verbal/pre-morbid intellectual functioning, learning/memory, 
      spatial/non-verbal reasoning, attention/processing speed and executive function. 
      Functional outcome was assessed at baseline and 6 months using the 
      Multidimensional Scale of Independent Functioning (MSIF) and DSM-IV Global 
      Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Clinical outcome was assessed with symptom 
      ratings and by monitoring onset of new mood episodes. RESULTS: Memory, 
      particularly verbal learning/memory, was robustly associated with 6-month 
      functional outcome on the MSIF, even after partialling out the influence of mood 
      symptoms and substance abuse co-morbidity. Depression ratings at 6 months, but 
      not cognitive variables, were associated with 6-month GAF scores. Cognitive 
      functioning was not associated with 6-month clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Memory 
      was associated with 6-month longitudinal functional but not clinical outcome in 
      recently diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder. These data further support the 
      distinction between clinical and functional outcome, and emphasize the need for 
      identification of, and development of treatments for, cognitive impairments early 
      in the course of bipolar disorder.
FAU - Torres, I J
AU  - Torres IJ
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 
      itorres@bcmhs.bc.ca
FAU - DeFreitas, C M
AU  - DeFreitas CM
FAU - DeFreitas, V G
AU  - DeFreitas VG
FAU - Bond, D J
AU  - Bond DJ
FAU - Kunz, M
AU  - Kunz M
FAU - Honer, W G
AU  - Honer WG
FAU - Lam, R W
AU  - Lam RW
FAU - Yatham, L N
AU  - Yatham LN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Psychol Med
JT  - Psychological medicine
JID - 1254142
SB  - IM
MH  - *Activities of Daily Living
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis/*psychology
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*etiology
MH  - Executive Function
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory Disorders/*etiology
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Prognosis
EDAT- 2010/09/03 06:00
MHDA- 2011/08/05 06:00
CRDT- 2010/09/03 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/09/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/08/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0033291710001613 [pii]
AID - 10.1017/S0033291710001613 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychol Med. 2011 May;41(5):971-82. doi: 10.1017/S0033291710001613.