PMID- 20823489
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110215
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1541-1087 (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-5724 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 3 Suppl
DP  - 2010 Jun
TI  - Obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes in developing countries: 
      role of dietary fats and oils.
PG  - 289S-301S
AB  - Developing countries are undergoing rapid nutrition transition concurrent with 
      increases in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM). From a healthy traditional high-fiber, low-fat, low-calorie diet, a shift 
      is occurring toward increasing consumption of calorie-dense foods containing 
      refined carbohydrates, fats, red meats, and low fiber. Data show an increase in 
      the supply of animal fats and increased intake of saturated fatty acid (SFAs) 
      (obtained from coconut oil, palm oil, and ghee [clarified butter]) in many 
      developing countries, particularly in South Asia and South-East Asia. In some 
      South Asian populations, particularly among vegetarians, intake of n-3 
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (obtained from flaxseed, mustard, and canola 
      oils) and long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs (obtained from fish and fish oils) is low. 
      Further, the effect of supplementation of n-3 PUFAs on metabolic risk factors and 
      insulin resistance, except for demonstrated benefit in terms of decreased 
      triglycerides, needs further investigation among South Asians. Data also show 
      that intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) ranged from 4.7% to 16.4%en in 
      developing countries, and supplementing it from olive, canola, mustard, 
      groundnut, and rice bran oils may reduce metabolic risk. In addition, in some 
      developing countries, intake of n-6 PUFAs (obtained from sunflower, safflower, 
      corn, soybean, and sesame oils) and trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is increasing. These 
      data show imbalanced consumption of fats and oils in developing countries, which 
      may have potentially deleterious metabolic and glycemic consequences, although 
      more research is needed. In view of the rapid rise of T2DM in developing 
      countries, more aggressive public health awareness programs coupled with 
      governmental action and clear country-specific guidelines are required, so as to 
      promote widespread use of healthy oils, thus curbing intake of SFAs and TFAs, and 
      increasing intake of n-3 PUFAs and MUFAs. Such actions would contribute to 
      decelerating further escalation of "epidemics" of obesity, the metabolic 
      syndrome, and T2DM in developing countries.
FAU - Misra, Anoop
AU  - Misra A
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New 
      Delhi, India. anoopmisra@metabolicresearchindia.com
FAU - Singhal, Neha
AU  - Singhal N
FAU - Khurana, Lokesh
AU  - Khurana L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Am Coll Nutr
JT  - Journal of the American College of Nutrition
JID - 8215879
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Developing Countries
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*etiology/prevention & control
MH  - Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Fatty Acids/*administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/*etiology/prevention & control
MH  - Obesity/*etiology/prevention & control
EDAT- 2010/09/18 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/16 06:00
CRDT- 2010/09/09 06:00
PHST- 2010/09/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/09/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 29/3_Supplement_1/289S [pii]
AID - 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719844 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Jun;29(3 Suppl):289S-301S. doi: 
      10.1080/07315724.2010.10719844.