PMID- 20883052
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110120
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1179-1950 (Electronic)
IS  - 0012-6667 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 15
DP  - 2010 Oct 22
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus: comparison with other oral antihyperglycaemic agents.
PG  - 1945-61
LID - 10.2165/11538100-000000000-00000 [doi]
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a debilitating disease that is estimated to affect 366 
      million people by the year 2030. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized 
      by a progressive decline in pancreatic beta-cell function and increased insulin 
      resistance, and accounts for approximately 90% of people with diabetes. Oral 
      antihyperglycaemic agents are extensively used in the treatment of T2DM. 
      Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizers developed specifically for T2DM, which 
      act via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). 
      Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that displays high affinity for PPARgamma(1) and 
      PPARgamma(2), which are predominately expressed in adipose tissue. This review 
      examines the published literature comparing the efficacy and tolerability of 
      pioglitazone with other oral antihyperglycaemic agents in the treatment of 
      patients with T2DM. Glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin parameters 
      and beta-cell function are all improved with pioglitazone treatment, with efficacy 
      similar to third-generation sulfonylureas, metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 
      inhibitors. Pioglitazone reduces vascular risk and inflammatory markers, and 
      improves carotid intima media thickness independent of its glycaemic effect. When 
      compared with rosiglitazone, pioglitazone is associated with a reduction in the 
      risk of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. Blood pressure is 
      reduced and lipid profiles are favourably improved with pioglitazone; however, an 
      increased risk for the development/exacerbation of heart failure, which is 
      related to the increased incidence of oedema due to fluid retention, and 
      fractures remain a concern. A low incidence of hypoglycaemia is observed with 
      pioglitazone, especially compared with sulfonylureas. In conclusion, pioglitazone 
      is an effective oral antihyperglycaemic agent with additional cardiovascular and 
      lipid benefits that allows for the successful management of patients with T2DM.
FAU - Derosa, Giuseppe
AU  - Derosa G
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, 
      Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Drugs
JT  - Drugs
JID - 7600076
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - X4OV71U42S (Pioglitazone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Cardiovascular System/drug effects
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
MH  - Edema/chemically induced
MH  - Fractures, Bone/chemically induced
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
MH  - Heart Failure/chemically induced
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemia/chemically induced
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse 
      effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/metabolism
MH  - Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
MH  - Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
MH  - Pioglitazone
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use
EDAT- 2010/10/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/01/21 06:00
CRDT- 2010/10/02 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - 3 [pii]
AID - 10.2165/11538100-000000000-00000 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drugs. 2010 Oct 22;70(15):1945-61. doi: 10.2165/11538100-000000000-00000.