PMID- 20883160
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110113
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 1557-8976 (Electronic)
IS  - 0882-8245 (Print)
IS  - 0882-8245 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
DP  - 2010 Oct
TI  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-induced immunosuppression 
      exacerbates the inflammatory response to porcine respiratory coronavirus in pigs.
PG  - 457-66
LID - 10.1089/vim.2010.0051 [doi]
AB  - We performed a comprehensive analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses in 
      dual-virus infected pigs to understand whether a pre-existing immunomodulatory 
      respiratory viral infection affects the overall immunity to a subsequent porcine 
      respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) infection in pigs. Pigs were either mock-infected 
      or infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a 
      virus known to cause immunosuppressive respiratory disease, and then pigs were 
      co-infected with PRCV, which normally causes subclinical respiratory infection. 
      We collected samples for six independent experiments from 178 pigs that were also 
      used for pathological studies. We detected a significant reduction in innate 
      NK-cell-mediated cytotoxic function in PRRSV-infected pigs, which was 
      synergistically further decreased in pigs co-infected with PRCV. Subsequently, in 
      association with clinical signs we observed elevated levels of proinflammatory 
      (IL-6), Th-1 (IL-12), and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-beta) cytokines. Increased 
      frequencies of CD4CD8 double-positive T lymphocytes and myeloid cells, in 
      addition to the elevated Th-1 and proinflammatory cytokines in dual-infected 
      pigs, contributed to the severity of lung disease in pigs. The results of our 
      study clarify how each virus modulates the host innate and adaptive immune 
      responses, leading to inflammatory reactions and lung pathology. Thus 
      measurements of cytokines and frequencies of immune cells may serve as indicators 
      of the progression of respiratory viral co-infections, and provide more 
      definitive approaches for treatment.
FAU - Renukaradhya, Gourapura J
AU  - Renukaradhya GJ
AD  - Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development 
      Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 
      Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA. gourapura.1@osu.edu
FAU - Alekseev, Konstantin
AU  - Alekseev K
FAU - Jung, Kwonil
AU  - Jung K
FAU - Fang, Ying
AU  - Fang Y
FAU - Saif, Linda J
AU  - Saif LJ
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI060739/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Viral Immunol
JT  - Viral immunology
JID - 8801552
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/immunology/pathology/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Cytokines/immunology
MH  - *Immune Tolerance
MH  - Inflammation/pathology
MH  - Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
MH  - Lung/immunology/pathology/virology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology/pathology/*virology
MH  - Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus/*immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*immunology/pathogenicity
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/immunology/pathology/*virology
MH  - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
PMC - PMC2967820
EDAT- 2010/10/05 06:00
MHDA- 2011/01/14 06:00
PMCR- 2011/10/01
CRDT- 2010/10/02 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1089/vim.2010.0051 [pii]
AID - 10.1089/vim.2010.0051 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Viral Immunol. 2010 Oct;23(5):457-66. doi: 10.1089/vim.2010.0051.