PMID- 20933045
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110114
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1879-3185 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-483X (Linking)
VI  - 279
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2011 Jan 11
TI  - The respiratory allergen glutaraldehyde in the local lymph node assay: 
      sensitization by skin exposure, but not by inhalation.
PG  - 115-22
LID - 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.018 [doi]
AB  - Previously, a selection of low molecular weight contact and respiratory allergens 
      had tested positive in both a skin and a respiratory local lymph node assay 
      (LLNA), but formaldehyde was negative for sensitization by inhalation. To 
      investigate whether this was due to intrinsic properties of aldehyde sensitizers, 
      the structurally related allergen glutaraldehyde (GA) was tested. BALB/c mice 
      were exposed by inhalation to 6 or 18ppm GA (respiratory LLNA), both generated as 
      a vapor and as an aerosol. Other groups received 0.25% or 2.5% GA on the skin of 
      the ears (skin LLNA). Lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were 
      measured in the draining lymph nodes. GA was positive in the skin LLNA and its 
      cytokine profile (IL-4/IFN-gamma) skewed towards a Th2-type immune response with 
      increasing dose. Inhalation exposure did not result in increased lymphocyte 
      proliferation or increased cytokine levels, despite comparable tissue damage 
      (irritation) in the skin and respiratory tract. We hypothesize that the highly 
      reactive and hydrophilic GA oligomerizes in the protein-rich mucous layer of the 
      respiratory tract, which impedes sensitization but still facilitates local 
      irritation. Within the context of risk assessment in respiratory allergy, our 
      results stress the importance of prevention of skin--besides inhalation-- 
      exposure to aldehydes like GA.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - van Triel, Jos J
AU  - van Triel JJ
AD  - TNO Quality of Life, Department of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Zeist, 
      The Netherlands. jos.vantriel@tno.nl
FAU - van Bree, Bianca W J
AU  - van Bree BW
FAU - Roberts, David W
AU  - Roberts DW
FAU - Muijser, Hans
AU  - Muijser H
FAU - Duistermaat, Evert
AU  - Duistermaat E
FAU - Woutersen, Ruud A
AU  - Woutersen RA
FAU - Kuper, C Frieke
AU  - Kuper CF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20101007
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Toxicology
JT  - Toxicology
JID - 0361055
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
RN  - T3C89M417N (Glutaral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Cutaneous
MH  - Aerosols
MH  - Allergens/administration & dosage/*immunology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Glutaral/administration & dosage/*immunology
MH  - Inhalation Exposure
MH  - Interferon-gamma/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-4/metabolism
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Lymph Nodes/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Lymphocytes/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Respiratory Hypersensitivity/*chemically induced/immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/immunology
EDAT- 2010/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2011/01/15 06:00
CRDT- 2010/10/12 06:00
PHST- 2010/08/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/09/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/09/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/10/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/01/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0300-483X(10)00507-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicology. 2011 Jan 11;279(1-3):115-22. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.018. Epub 
      2010 Oct 7.