PMID- 20966272
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20101129
LR  - 20101022
IS  - 1943-3700 (Electronic)
IS  - 0090-3558 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 4
DP  - 2010 Oct
TI  - Persistent organic pollutants in the blood of free-ranging sea otters (Enhydra 
      lutris ssp.) in Alaska and California.
PG  - 1214-33
AB  - As part of tagging and ecologic research efforts in 1997 and 1998, apparently 
      healthy sea otters of four age-sex classes in six locations in Alaska and three 
      in California were sampled for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other 
      chemicals of ecologic or environmental concern (COECs). Published techniques for 
      the detection of POPs (specifically  summation operatorpolychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs],  summation operatorDDTs, 
       summation operatorhexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs],  summation operatorpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], 
       summation operatorchlordanes [CHLs], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], dieldrin, and mirex) in the tissue 
      of dead otters were modified for use with serum from live sea otters. Toxic 
      equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for POPs with proven bioactivity. Strong 
      location effects were seen for most POPs and COECs; sea otters in California 
      generally showed higher mean concentrations than those in Alaska. Differences in 
      contaminant concentrations were detected among age and sex classes, with high 
      levels frequently observed in subadults. Very high levels of  summation operatorDDT were detected 
      in male sea otters in Elkhorn Slough, California, where strong freshwater outflow 
      from agricultural areas occurs seasonally. All contaminants except mirex differed 
      among Alaskan locations; only  summation operatorDDT, HCB, and chlorpyrifos differed within 
      California. High levels of  summation operatorPCB (particularly larger, more persistent congeners) 
      were detected at two locations in Alaska where associations between elevated PCBs 
      and military activity have been established, while higher PCB levels were found 
      at all three locations in California where no point source of PCBs has been 
      identified. Although POP and COEC concentrations in blood may be less likely to 
      reflect total body burden, concentrations in blood of healthy animals may be more 
      biologically relevant and less influenced by state of nutrition or perimortem 
      factors than other tissues routinely sampled.
FAU - Jessup, David A
AU  - Jessup DA
AD  - California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and 
      Research Center, 1451 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA. 
      djessup@ospr.dfg.ca.gov
FAU - Johnson, Christine K
AU  - Johnson CK
FAU - Estes, James
AU  - Estes J
FAU - Carlson-Bremer, Daphne
AU  - Carlson-Bremer D
FAU - Jarman, Walter M
AU  - Jarman WM
FAU - Reese, Stacey
AU  - Reese S
FAU - Dodd, Erin
AU  - Dodd E
FAU - Tinker, M Tim
AU  - Tinker MT
FAU - Ziccardi, Michael H
AU  - Ziccardi MH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Wildl Dis
JT  - Journal of wildlife diseases
JID - 0244160
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alaska
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Wild/blood
MH  - Blood Chemical Analysis/*veterinary
MH  - Body Burden
MH  - California
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Otters/*blood
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*blood/*toxicity
EDAT- 2010/10/23 06:00
MHDA- 2010/12/14 06:00
CRDT- 2010/10/23 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/12/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 46/4/1214 [pii]
AID - 10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1214 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Wildl Dis. 2010 Oct;46(4):1214-33. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-46.4.1214.