PMID- 20966640
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110222
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1746-6318 (Electronic)
IS  - 1746-630X (Print)
IS  - 1746-630X (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 6
DP  - 2010 Nov
TI  - Biomarkers in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: signals from 
      pathogenesis.
PG  - 504-10
LID - 10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed774 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is the 
      paradoxical worsening or unmasking of an infection or neoplasm in HIV-1-infected 
      patients shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. New insights into 
      the pathogenesis of IRIS may help identify biomarkers that could be useful in 
      predicting or diagnosing IRIS. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies of immunopathogenesis 
      have shown a signification activation of both innate and adaptive immune 
      responses with elevation of plasma or serum chemokines and cytokines. Markers of 
      inflammation such as C-reactive protein, interferon-inducible protein 10 or 
      interferon gamma may be helpful as predictors of IRIS events. In addition, 
      tuberculosis (TB)-associated IRIS is associated with a prominent Th1 response 
      that can be heightened even prior to ART initiation in cases of unmasking TB, and 
      may assist in early diagnosis. Large prospective studies are needed to elucidate 
      the predictive and diagnostic value of IRIS biomarkers and advance them to the 
      clinic. SUMMARY: Reversal of immunosuppression by ART leads to exaggerated 
      pathogen-specific immune responses (known as IRIS) that appear to be primed prior 
      to therapy. Inflammatory markers, chemokines and cytokines that signify innate 
      and adaptive immune activation are biomarkers that could prove of clinical value 
      after appropriate validation.
FAU - Sereti, Irini
AU  - Sereti I
AD  - Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious 
      Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. 
      isereti@mail.nih.gov
FAU - Rodger, Alison J
AU  - Rodger AJ
FAU - French, Martyn A
AU  - French MA
LA  - eng
GR  - Intramural NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Curr Opin HIV AIDS
JT  - Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
JID - 101264945
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers/*blood
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology
MH  - HIV-1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory 
      Syndrome/*blood/*immunology/microbiology/virology
PMC - PMC3023985
MID - NIHMS259972
EDAT- 2010/10/23 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/23 06:00
PMCR- 2011/11/01
CRDT- 2010/10/23 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2011/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 01222929-201011000-00009 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed774 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2010 Nov;5(6):504-10. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed774.