PMID- 20971576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110701
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1879-355X (Electronic)
IS  - 0360-3016 (Linking)
VI  - 80
IP  - 2
DP  - 2011 Jun 1
TI  - Four-dimensional lung treatment planning in layer-stacking carbon ion beam 
      treatment: comparison of layer-stacking and conventional ungated/gated 
      irradiation.
PG  - 597-607
LID - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1982 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: We compared four-dimensional (4D) layer-stacking and conventional carbon 
      ion beam distribution in the treatment of lung cancer between ungated and gated 
      respiratory strategies using 4DCT data sets. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty lung 
      patients underwent 4DCT imaging under free-breathing conditions. Using planning 
      target volumes (PTVs) at respective respiratory phases, two types of compensating 
      bolus were designed, a full single respiratory cycle for the ungated strategy and 
      an approximately 30% duty cycle for the exhalation-gated strategy. Beams were 
      delivered to the PTVs for the ungated and gated strategies, PTV(ungated) and 
      PTV(gated), respectively, which were calculated by combining the respective 
      PTV(Tn)s by layer-stacking and conventional irradiation. Carbon ion beam dose 
      distribution was calculated as a function of respiratory phase by applying a 
      compensating bolus to 4DCT. Accumulated dose distributions were calculated by 
      applying deformable registration. RESULTS: With the ungated strategy, accumulated 
      dose distributions were satisfactorily provided to the PTV, with D95 values for 
      layer-stacking and conventional irradiation of 94.0% and 96.2%, respectively. V20 
      for the lung and Dmax for the spinal cord were lower with layer-stacking than 
      with conventional irradiation, whereas Dmax for the skin (14.1 GyE) was 
      significantly lower (21.9 GyE). In addition, dose conformation to the GTV/PTV 
      with layer-stacking irradiation was better with the gated than with the ungated 
      strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Gated layer-stacking irradiation allows the delivery of a 
      carbon ion beam to a moving target without significant degradation of dose 
      conformity or the development of hot spots.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mori, Shinichiro
AU  - Mori S
AD  - Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological 
      Sciences, Chiba, Japan. shinshin@nirs.go.jp
FAU - Kanematsu, Nobuyuki
AU  - Kanematsu N
FAU - Asakura, Hiroshi
AU  - Asakura H
FAU - Sharp, Gregory C
AU  - Sharp GC
FAU - Kumagai, Motoki
AU  - Kumagai M
FAU - Dobashi, Suguru
AU  - Dobashi S
FAU - Nakajima, Mio
AU  - Nakajima M
FAU - Yamamoto, Naoyoshi
AU  - Yamamoto N
FAU - Kandatsu, Susumu
AU  - Kandatsu S
FAU - Baba, Masayuki
AU  - Baba M
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20101023
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
JT  - International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics
JID - 7603616
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Carbon/*therapeutic use
MH  - Exhalation
MH  - Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhalation
MH  - Lung/diagnostic imaging/radiation effects
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/*radiotherapy
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Movement
MH  - Radiotherapy Dosage
MH  - Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/*methods
MH  - *Respiration
MH  - Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging/radiation effects
MH  - Tumor Burden
EDAT- 2010/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2011/07/02 06:00
CRDT- 2010/10/26 06:00
PHST- 2009/11/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2010/07/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2010/07/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2010/10/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/07/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0360-3016(10)02956-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1982 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Jun 1;80(2):597-607. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1982. Epub 2010 Oct 23.