PMID- 21029016
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110311
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1537-5293 (Electronic)
IS  - 1522-2152 (Linking)
VI  - 83
IP  - 6
DP  - 2010 Nov-Dec
TI  - A fish out of water: gill and skin remodeling promotes osmo- and ionoregulation 
      in the mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus.
PG  - 932-49
LID - 10.1086/656307 [doi]
AB  - The euryhaline, amphibious mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus is known to 
      survive weeks out of water in moist environments. We tested the hypothesis that 
      the skin is a site of osmo- and ionoregulation in K. marmoratus. We predicted 
      that under terrestrial conditions, gill and skin remodeling would result in an 
      enhanced role for skin and a diminished role for the gills in osmo- and 
      ionoregulation. Fish were exposed to water-either freshwater (FW, 1 per thousand) or 
      hypersaline water (saltwater [SW], 45 per thousand)-or air over a moist surface of FW or SW 
      for 9 d and then recovered in water. When fish were emersed for 9 d, (22)Na and 
      (3)H-H(2)O were exchanged across the cutaneous surface. Homeostasis of whole-body 
      Cl(-) and water levels but not of Na(+) levels was maintained over 9 d in air. In 
      air-exposed fish, there was a significant increase in the size of skin ionocytes 
      (in SW), a decrease in the number of skin mucous cells (in SW), and an increase 
      in the gill interlamellar cell mass relative to those of fish in water. Gill 
      ionocytes were mostly embedded away from the external surface in air-exposed 
      fish, but the number and size of ionocytes increased (in FW). Interestingly, skin 
      ionocytes formed distinct clusters of 20-30 cells. The estimated number of 
      ionocytes over the whole skin surface was comparable to that in the gills. 
      Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that the skin is a site of osmo- and 
      ionoregulation in K. marmoratus in aquatic and terrestrial environments. 
      Reversible cellular and morphological changes to the skin and gills during air 
      exposure probably enhanced the cutaneous contribution to ion and water balance.
FAU - Leblanc, Danielle M
AU  - Leblanc DM
AD  - Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, 
      Canada.
FAU - Wood, Chris M
AU  - Wood CM
FAU - Fudge, Douglas S
AU  - Fudge DS
FAU - Wright, Patricia A
AU  - Wright PA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20101028
PL  - United States
TA  - Physiol Biochem Zool
JT  - Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ
JID - 100883369
RN  - 0 (Chlorides)
RN  - 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Water/physiology
MH  - Chlorides/metabolism
MH  - Cyprinodontiformes/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Fresh Water
MH  - Gills/anatomy & histology/cytology/*physiology
MH  - Homeostasis/physiology
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Salinity
MH  - Skin/anatomy & histology/cytology
MH  - *Skin Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Sodium/metabolism
MH  - Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology
EDAT- 2010/10/30 06:00
MHDA- 2011/03/12 06:00
CRDT- 2010/10/30 06:00
PHST- 2010/10/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/10/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/03/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1086/656307 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Physiol Biochem Zool. 2010 Nov-Dec;83(6):932-49. doi: 10.1086/656307. Epub 2010 
      Oct 28.