PMID- 21058742
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20110217
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 23
DP  - 2010 Dec 1
TI  - Depleting methyl bromide residues in soil by reaction with bases.
PG  - 9080-5
LID - 10.1021/es1022027 [doi]
AB  - Despite generally being considered the most effective soil fumigant, methyl 
      bromide (MeBr) use is being phased out because its emissions from soil can lead 
      to stratospheric ozone depletion. However, a large amount is still currently used 
      due to Critical Use Exemptions. As strategies for reducing the postfumigation 
      emissions of MeBr from soil, Ca(OH)(2), K(2)CO(3), and NH(3) were assessed as 
      means of promoting MeBr degradation. Ammonia aqueous solution (NH(4)OH) was the 
      most effective, because MeBr can be degraded by both hydrolysis and ammonolysis. 
      At 20  degrees C, the half-lives (t(1/2)) of MeBr were 18.0, 2.5, and 1.3 h in 0.1, 1.0, 
      and 2.0 M NH(4)OH, respectively. In 1.0 M NH(4)OH, increasing the solution 
      temperature to 40  degrees C reduced the half-life of MeBr to 0.23 h. Ammonia amendment 
      to moist soil also promoted MeBr transformation, and the MeBr degradation rate 
      increased with increasing soil temperature. NH(4)OH (30%, 16 M) very effectively 
      reacted with MeBr that was contained under plastic film. Under Hytibar (a 
      virtually impermeable film, VIF), over 99.5% of the MeBr could be destroyed by 
      30% NH(4)OH in 8 h at 20  degrees C. On the basis of these results, good management 
      practices (i.e., VIF plus NH(4)OH) could be developed for continued use of MeBr 
      as a soil fumigant under Critical Use Exemptions, without significant emissions.
FAU - Xuan, Richeng
AU  - Xuan R
AD  - USDA-ARS, Salinity Laboratory, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 
      92507, United States.
FAU - Ashworth, Daniel J
AU  - Ashworth DJ
FAU - Luo, Lifang
AU  - Luo L
FAU - Wang, Haizhen
AU  - Wang H
FAU - Yates, Scott R
AU  - Yates SR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20101109
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Carbonates)
RN  - 0 (Disinfectants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated)
RN  - 0 (Hydroxides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 5138Q19F1X (Ammonium Hydroxide)
RN  - 9V42E1Z7B6 (methyl bromide)
RN  - BQN1B9B9HA (potassium carbonate)
RN  - PF5DZW74VN (Calcium Hydroxide)
RN  - RWP5GA015D (Potassium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ammonium Hydroxide
MH  - Calcium Hydroxide/chemistry
MH  - Carbonates/chemistry
MH  - Disinfectants/chemistry
MH  - Environmental Restoration and Remediation/*methods
MH  - Fumigation
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Brominated/*chemistry
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Hydroxides/chemistry
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*chemistry
MH  - Potassium/chemistry
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*chemistry
EDAT- 2010/11/10 06:00
MHDA- 2011/02/18 06:00
CRDT- 2010/11/10 06:00
PHST- 2010/11/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/11/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2011/02/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/es1022027 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Dec 1;44(23):9080-5. doi: 10.1021/es1022027. Epub 2010 
      Nov 9.